Question 770
A VPC endpoint definition uses a resource identifier from a hardcoded AWS Region and deployment fails elsewhere. Which change is the most appropriate?
- Obtain target resources through Region-aware parameters and references
- Parameterize subnet CIDRs or integrate governed IP address allocation
- Preserve stable resources and review replacement-triggering property changes
- Add the appropriate CloudFormation dependency on the attachment
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The approach makes IaC configuration adapt to the deployment's regional scope; service availability and endpoint names can still differ by Region, directly enabling region-portable endpoint resource resolution in this situation.
Incorrect Answers
B:The proposed action selects address ranges per environment under a consistent template; embedding one fixed CIDR into every account risks overlapping network plans, supporting collision-free reusable subnet provisioning but leaving region-portable endpoint resource resolution unmet.
C:This approach avoids unnecessary resource replacement during declarative updates; resource replacement can change dependent paths and addresses, which helps with predictable egress identity across IaC releases instead of delivering region-portable endpoint resource resolution.
D:This alternative ensures route resources are created after prerequisite attachment readiness; reference resolution alone may not cover implicit lifecycle dependencies in every pattern, so it addresses correct IaC resource ordering for network routes rather than the required region-portable endpoint resource resolution.
Question 771
A VPN's IKE connection remains active but the IPsec data tunnel repeatedly fails. Which AWS networking approach meets this constraint?
- Check IKE proposals, pre-shared keys, peer identity, and negotiation logs
- Confirm NAT traversal and UDP 4500 as well as permitted IKE transport
- Alarm on per-tunnel TunnelState metrics and test alternate routing
- Inspect phase-two proposals, traffic selectors, and child SA negotiation
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:This configuration targets ESP proposal and selector issues after initial IKE success; changing the NAT gateway route would not correct mismatched PFS groups, so it delivers stable IPsec child security associations under the stated constraints.
Incorrect Answers
A:This alternative identifies crypto and authentication mismatch before data-plane routing; ICMP reachability does not prove that IKE has compatible proposals, so it addresses restored phase-one IPsec negotiation rather than the required stable IPsec child security associations.
B:Although this setting preserves IPsec negotiation across an intervening NAT device, route propagation alone cannot pass blocked NAT-T packets; this concerns functional VPN connectivity with NAT in the path, not the specified stable IPsec child security associations.
C:The proposed action provides early warning about lost redundancy while traffic still flows; aggregate application success may mask a failed backup tunnel, supporting observability of degraded VPN availability but leaving stable IPsec child security associations unmet.
Question 772
A dual-stack subnet has a public IPv6 default route, but instances still block return traffic through the network ACL. Which option should the architect select?
- Configure matching IPv6 NACL rules for request and response traffic
- Route IPv6 outbound traffic through an egress-only internet gateway
- Enable a supported dualstack load-balancer IP address type and publish the appropriate DNS
- Associate an IPv6 CIDR block with the subnet and configure assignment settings
- Add a ::/0 route to an internet gateway and allow appropriate IPv6 network controls
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:With this choice, the selected action allows stateless subnet filtering for IPv6 in both directions; security-group statefulness does not make NACL return rules unnecessary, providing bidirectional IPv6 packet permission at subnet boundaries for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
B:This alternative provides stateful outbound-only IPv6 internet reachability; an ordinary internet gateway would not enforce the same outbound-only property, so it addresses IPv6 egress without inbound initiation rather than the required bidirectional IPv6 packet permission at subnet boundaries.
C:Although this setting exposes reachable IPv4 and IPv6 service addresses, an IPv4-only listener address family cannot answer IPv6 client connections; this concerns dual-stack client access at the load-balancer edge, not the specified bidirectional IPv6 packet permission at subnet boundaries.
D:The proposed action allocates a portion of the VPC IPv6 range to subnet interfaces; giving the VPC an IPv6 range does not allocate one to each subnet automatically, supporting routable subnet IPv6 addresses for workloads but leaving bidirectional IPv6 packet permission at subnet boundaries unmet.
E:This approach forwards public IPv6 packets to the internet egress target; IPv4 NAT gateway routes do not create an IPv6 default path, which helps with direct IPv6 internet routing for dual-stack workloads instead of delivering bidirectional IPv6 packet permission at subnet boundaries.
Question 773
The Direct Connect physical port is down immediately after a colocation patch and no BGP peer forms. What should the network specialist configure?
- Review Direct Connect connection capacity and port-hour billing components
- Verify route preference and, if needed, eligibility for supported ECMP or LAG design
- Compare VLAN tags, peer addressing, ASN values, and ACLs
- Check light levels, patching, and the cross-connect against the LOA-CFA
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The approach diagnoses layer-one connectivity before investigating overlay routes; a VPC route cannot bring an optically down interface online, directly enabling physical link establishment at the DX handoff in this situation.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed action relates recurring line charges to the dedicated or hosted port allocation; VPC Flow Logs do not provide a breakdown of DX port-hour commitments, supporting identification of Direct Connect recurring cost drivers but leaving physical link establishment at the DX handoff unmet.
B:This approach distinguishes routing traffic share from physical aggregation; adding a link without changing routing does not ensure equal traffic utilization, which helps with predictable distribution across available DX capacity instead of delivering physical link establishment at the DX handoff.
C:This alternative checks the logical and IP-level parameters needed for BGP adjacency; link-state success does not establish that the VIF tags or neighbor addresses match, so it addresses established VIF BGP sessions despite a working physical link rather than the required physical link establishment at the DX handoff.
Question 774
Remote employees on unmanaged home networks must securely connect from laptops to private VPC applications using per-user authentication. The company does not want a permanent site-to-site tunnel from each home. Which AWS networking service and setup best fit?
- Create an AWS Client VPN endpoint, associate a target VPC subnet, and configure the required authentication, routes, and authorization rules
- Attach a Site-to-Site VPN to a virtual private gateway for each employee's changing home router
- Provision a dedicated Direct Connect private virtual interface for every laptop
- Create VPC peering connections to employees' residential public IP addresses
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:AWS Client VPN is managed client-to-site remote access. A target network association enables connectivity, while the endpoint's authentication, route table, authorization rules, and destination security groups determine which private resources each employee can reach.
Incorrect Answers
B:Site-to-Site VPN connects network gateways and is appropriate for stable branch or data-center links. Per-home gateway tunnels are not a practical way to provide authenticated individual laptop access.
C:Direct Connect is private connectivity from customer networking equipment at an eligible location, not an individually provisioned internet laptop access service. It would not supply user-level VPN authentication.
D:VPC peering links two VPCs with nonoverlapping routing domains. A residential public IP is not a VPC, and peering does not provide a remote user's authenticated VPN session.
Question 775
A VPC uses Amazon-provided Route 53 Resolver for direct recursive lookups of public DNS names. Security requires validation of DNSSEC signatures on signed public domains so tampered responses are rejected. Which setting fits that resolver path?
- Enable Route 53 authoritative DNSSEC signing only on an unrelated private hosted zone
- Create an outbound Resolver forwarding rule for all domains to an unvalidated third-party server
- Enable DNSSEC validation for the VPC's Route 53 Resolver configuration
- Add an inbound Resolver endpoint and rely on its IP address to attest DNS answers
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:Route 53 Resolver can cryptographically verify DNSSEC signatures during its recursive resolution of signed public names when DNSSEC validation is enabled for the VPC. Forwarded queries are instead validated by the recursive resolver that handles them.
Incorrect Answers
A:Authoritative signing creates signatures for a served zone when supported; it does not enable validation of public signed names resolved recursively by this VPC. Private hosted zones are not a substitute for VPC Resolver validation.
B:Forwarding moves recursion to the other resolver, which must enforce DNSSEC validation itself. Merely forwarding queries does not guarantee the cryptographic checks required by the scenario.
D:Inbound endpoints receive DNS queries from external networks and do not, by themselves, verify DNSSEC signatures for recursive responses within the VPC. Endpoint addresses are not a chain of trust.
Question 776
A Kubernetes application exposes a TCP Service of type LoadBalancer, requiring a provisioned NLB. What should the network specialist configure?
- Install and configure the AWS Load Balancer Controller for ALB Ingress
- Use AWS Load Balancer Controller IP target mode
- Associate the ECS service with an appropriate ALB target group
- Use supported AWS Load Balancer Controller Service annotations and configuration
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The approach reconciles Kubernetes Service resources into network load balancing settings; an Ingress-only ALB pattern targets HTTP routing instead, directly enabling managed TCP Service ingress from Kubernetes in this situation.
Incorrect Answers
A:This approach reconciles Kubernetes Ingress definitions into supported AWS load-balancing resources; the relevant IAM permissions and controller installation must already exist, which helps with automated ALB integration for Kubernetes ingress instead of delivering managed TCP Service ingress from Kubernetes.
B:This alternative registers eligible Kubernetes pod addresses for direct target routing; instance target mode instead routes through worker node targets and NodePorts, so it addresses direct ALB-to-pod target registration rather than the required managed TCP Service ingress from Kubernetes.
C:Although this setting manages registration of service tasks as they are placed and removed, manual static IP registration would lag behind service rescheduling; this concerns lifecycle-aware targets for changing ECS tasks, not the specified managed TCP Service ingress from Kubernetes.
Question 777
Two VPN tunnels to a Transit Gateway are configured but only one is used; the engineer wants supported aggregate throughput. What is the most suitable design or configuration?
- Review longest-prefix selection before applying BGP preference changes
- Simulate primary Direct Connect failure and observe BGP route convergence
- Deploy Site-to-Site VPN as a failover path and adjust routing priorities
- Enable and validate VPN ECMP with appropriate dynamic routes on the TGW
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:With this choice, the selected action allows eligible equivalent VPN routes to share flows using transit gateway ECMP; ECMP requires compatible dynamic routing and does not make the internet transport deterministic, providing supported multipath use of VPN tunnels for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
A:Although this setting recognizes that more-specific routing matches can override broad path preference, comparing AS_PATH for different-length prefixes does not override destination longest-match logic; this concerns predictable forwarding with mixed BGP prefix lengths, not the specified supported multipath use of VPN tunnels.
B:The proposed action verifies that the alternate tunnel carries real traffic when the preferred path disappears; an idle VPN status page alone is not evidence of end-to-end recovery, supporting tested hybrid link failover but leaving supported multipath use of VPN tunnels unmet.
C:This approach retains an alternate IPsec path when the primary private circuit becomes unavailable; both primary and backup must advertise compatible destinations with sensible preference, which helps with backup hybrid routing over an independent transport instead of delivering supported multipath use of VPN tunnels.
Question 778
A PrivateLink service provider configures api.partner.example as its endpoint service's private DNS name. Consumers cannot enable that name because the provider's domain ownership is still pending verification. What must the provider publish?
- Publish the exact AWS-supplied TXT verification name and value in authoritative DNS for the controlled domain
- Create an A record in the consumer VPC that points to the provider's public NLB
- Add the endpoint service name as an NS record in the provider's private hosted zone
- Replace the interface endpoint with a gateway endpoint for the custom TCP service
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:PrivateLink validates domain ownership using a DNS TXT challenge. Once the record with the supplied name and token is publicly resolvable and verification completes, consumers can use the approved private DNS name on their interface endpoints.
Incorrect Answers
B:An endpoint service's private DNS name requires ownership verification, not merely an address record. A public NLB mapping also avoids the intended interface endpoint DNS workflow.
C:An NS record delegates a DNS zone, but AWS specifically verifies ownership using a provided TXT token in DNS accessible for domain verification. Private zone delegation alone will not satisfy this challenge.
D:Gateway endpoints are used for supported AWS gateway-endpoint services, not arbitrary provider TCP services published through PrivateLink. The endpoint type change would not verify the provider's domain.
Question 779
Security executives need reports of noncompliant VPC security rules without granting the auditor write permissions. How should this network requirement be implemented?
- Configure supported AWS Firewall Manager Network Firewall policies
- Use AWS Firewall Manager security-group policies across designated accounts
- Verify organization integration, policy scope, and included accounts or OUs
- Review Firewall Manager policy compliance findings with read-only access
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:With this choice, the selected action separates assessment of centrally managed protection from remediation authority; a monitoring role need not have broad permissions to edit every rule, providing oversight of firewall policy compliance for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed action coordinates firewall resources and policies across AWS accounts; local-only firewall rules lack organization-level orchestration, supporting centrally managed VPC network inspection governance but leaving oversight of firewall policy compliance unmet.
B:This approach centrally evaluates and manages eligible security-group rule posture; a single EC2 console audit cannot cover newly created accounts consistently, which helps with organization-scale detection of overly broad access instead of delivering oversight of firewall policy compliance.
C:This alternative ensures governance policies apply to the intended organization structure; cloud firewall telemetry does not itself enroll new accounts in a policy, so it addresses consistent firewall policy coverage after organizational changes rather than the required oversight of firewall policy compliance.
Question 780
An organization must isolate tenants over a shared physical WAN underlay and apply separate overlay routing domains. Which option should the architect select?
- Peer the virtual routers with Transit Gateway Connect using BGP
- Use Generic Routing Encapsulation between compatible network devices
- Design distinct tenant overlay routing and transit route-table segmentation
- Use Transit Gateway Connect and Connect peers
- Encapsulate branch traffic in IPsec VPN tunnels
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:With this choice, the selected action separates policy and reachability over otherwise shared transport infrastructure; merely adding another VLAN ID does not enforce every inter-VPC route boundary, providing tenant-isolated SD-WAN connectivity for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
A:Although this setting allows the appliance to advertise and learn supported network routes over GRE peers, an ALB does not exchange overlay routing control-plane updates; this concerns routed integration of SD-WAN appliances, not the specified tenant-isolated SD-WAN connectivity.
B:The proposed action wraps IP traffic inside GRE for overlay forwarding; IPsec provides cryptographic protections but is not the same as a plain GRE transport, supporting protocol encapsulation for an overlay tunnel but leaving tenant-isolated SD-WAN connectivity unmet.
D:This alternative transports GRE overlay traffic and exchanges routes over BGP with compatible appliances; a simple VPC attachment alone does not establish GRE Connect peers, so it addresses native transit attachment for SD-WAN overlays rather than the required tenant-isolated SD-WAN connectivity.
E:Although this setting adds IP-layer encryption and peer authentication across the intervening network, GRE alone provides encapsulation without confidentiality; this concerns encrypted overlay communications, not the specified tenant-isolated SD-WAN connectivity.