Question 790
Security administrators need to apply common WAF protection across ALBs owned by dozens of accounts. How should this network requirement be implemented?
- Apply an appropriately scoped AWS Organizations service control policy
- Deploy AWS Config rules or conformance packs for the network configuration
- Use AWS Firewall Manager policies with appropriate organizational scope
- Share supported security and networking resources using AWS RAM under approved principals
- Enable organization-wide management-event logging with protected central retention
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:With this choice, the selected action centrally manages eligible firewall protections for organization resources; creating one web ACL in the management account does not attach it to every account's ALBs, providing consistent multi-account WAF deployment governance for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed action establishes organization-level maximum permissions for member accounts; an SCP limits permissions but does not enable a missing logging resource by itself, supporting organization-enforced restrictions on disabling controls but leaving consistent multi-account WAF deployment governance unmet.
B:This approach evaluates recorded resource configurations against defined compliance conditions; Config reports compliance rather than inherently blocking a change at the API call, which helps with continuous detection of noncompliant network rule changes instead of delivering consistent multi-account WAF deployment governance.
D:Although this setting distributes use of centrally owned network resources across accounts, RAM sharing is not a universal replacement for IAM resource authorization; this concerns governed multi-account network resource access, not the specified consistent multi-account WAF deployment governance.
E:The proposed action records who called networking control-plane APIs and when; traffic flow telemetry cannot identify the IAM principal that changed a route, supporting attributable network infrastructure modifications but leaving consistent multi-account WAF deployment governance unmet.
Question 791
An alias record points to an ALB, and health-aware DNS selection should consider the load balancer's target health. Which solution best addresses these network requirements?
- Enable evaluate target health on the Route 53 alias where supported
- Use Route 53 failover records with associated health evaluation
- Configure an HTTPS Route 53 health check with a string match
- Publish a CloudWatch-alarm-based Route 53 health check driven by private endpoint metrics
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:This configuration uses the health of the referenced AWS resource in relevant routing decisions; an ordinary TCP probe to a single instance would not express ALB target-group health, so it delivers load-balancer-aware Route 53 routing under the stated constraints.
Incorrect Answers
B:The proposed action serves primary or secondary DNS values based on configured health status; client-side DNS caches can delay observing a changed response, supporting primary-secondary DNS disaster recovery but leaving load-balancer-aware Route 53 routing unmet.
C:This approach probes HTTP response content over TLS to classify endpoint health; TCP checks can succeed even when a wrong web page is served, which helps with application-content-aware DNS health evaluation instead of delivering load-balancer-aware Route 53 routing.
D:This alternative uses an alarm state as health evidence instead of internet probes; directly probing an RFC1918-only target from public health checkers will not work, so it addresses health-aware DNS failover for private targets rather than the required load-balancer-aware Route 53 routing.
Question 792
A team migrated an AWS subnet to a new CIDR but remote branches continue sending traffic to the old space. Which AWS networking approach meets this constraint?
- Change the workload subnet route to send the customer CIDRs to the transit gateway
- Remove or filter the obsolete BGP announcement on the customer router
- Add the correct static routes to the Site-to-Site VPN configuration and associated route tables
- Update customer routing advertisements and security policies for the new AWS prefixes
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:With this choice, the selected action aligns hybrid routing tables with the changed workload address plan; changing only AWS-side routes leaves on-premises devices unaware of the migration, providing end-to-end reachability after VPC renumbering for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
A:This alternative makes return packets follow the intended private hybrid route; NAT internet egress cannot substitute for a routable customer network attachment, so it addresses correct workload-side return path to on premises rather than the required end-to-end reachability after VPC renumbering.
B:Although this setting prevents AWS from learning a route to a nonexistent destination, VPC security groups do not delete advertisements from the external routing control plane; this concerns withdrawal of invalid customer routes, not the specified end-to-end reachability after VPC renumbering.
C:The proposed action lists reachability explicitly when dynamic routing is not used; dynamic BGP route learning would require a compatible customer gateway and VPN configuration, supporting static hybrid prefix coverage but leaving end-to-end reachability after VPC renumbering unmet.
Question 793
A company must run its own Nginx service with a custom certificate and automatic rotation on EC2. Which option should the architect select?
- Implement service-to-service TLS or mTLS according to the threat model
- Use HTTPS S3 requests and an appropriate bucket policy denying insecure transport
- Validate certificate chain and requested hostname in the TLS client
- Deploy a managed certificate distribution and renewal workflow to the EC2 web server
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The approach installs renewed certificates in the software that actually terminates TLS; attaching an ACM certificate to an unrelated ALB does not update Nginx on the instance, directly enabling maintained TLS identity on customer-managed application servers in this situation.
Incorrect Answers
A:This approach protects application payloads independently of private route placement; a private IP path does not by itself satisfy an explicit in-transit encryption requirement, which helps with confidentiality within private east-west service traffic instead of delivering maintained TLS identity on customer-managed application servers.
B:This alternative enforces secure transport for S3 API operations; server-side encryption of stored objects is a separate at-rest control, so it addresses encrypted data movement into S3 rather than the required maintained TLS identity on customer-managed application servers.
C:Although this setting prevents accepting an encrypted connection to an impersonating server, encryption without peer identity validation remains vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks; this concerns authenticated outbound HTTPS service communication, not the specified maintained TLS identity on customer-managed application servers.
Question 794
An ALB is healthy overall but users report rising server-side errors during peak traffic. Which action provides the required behavior?
- Include Direct Connect ConnectionState and appropriate error counters
- Alarm on per-tunnel VPN TunnelState metrics in CloudWatch
- Create a CloudWatch alarm on the relevant firewall or derived metric
- Examine TargetResponseTime and target HTTP code CloudWatch metrics
- Compare time-aligned service metrics with CloudTrail change records
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:With this choice, the selected action distinguishes slow target processing and target-generated error rates; front-end DNS TTL values do not explain target application latency, providing quantitative load-balancer-to-backend performance diagnosis for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
A:Although this setting tracks link state independently of the amount of traffic transferred, low throughput can mean idle workloads, not necessarily a failed circuit; this concerns observability of hybrid physical or connection faults, not the specified quantitative load-balancer-to-backend performance diagnosis.
B:The proposed action evaluates AWS-provided tunnel state against alert conditions; an aggregate monthly data-transfer chart would not identify which tunnel dropped, supporting early degraded-resiliency notification but leaving quantitative load-balancer-to-backend performance diagnosis unmet.
C:This approach applies a threshold and evaluation window to a measured security signal; CloudWatch dashboards show data but are not themselves notification rules, which helps with automated drop-rate anomaly alerting instead of delivering quantitative load-balancer-to-backend performance diagnosis.
E:Although this setting combines operational signal timing with configuration mutation history, checking only current route tables omits the event that triggered the change; this concerns change-correlated network incident diagnosis, not the specified quantitative load-balancer-to-backend performance diagnosis.
Question 795
A company turned on zone signing but validating recursive resolvers return SERVFAIL after its registrar DS change. What is the most suitable design or configuration?
- Enable Route 53 public hosted-zone DNSSEC signing and create the parent chain of trust
- Apply DNSSEC where supported on public authoritative zones and assess private resolver trust separately
- Use an appropriately supported encrypted DNS transport such as DNS-over-TLS or DNS-over-HTTPS in the client-resolver design
- Correct the DS and DNSKEY chain-of-trust relationship
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The approach restores cryptographic delegation consistency for the zone; changing application A records alone cannot repair a mismatched signer chain, directly enabling successful DNSSEC validation by external resolvers in this situation.
Incorrect Answers
A:This alternative authenticates the origin and integrity of supported DNS records for validating resolvers; DNSSEC signs data but does not encrypt the DNS question or response contents, so it addresses DNSSEC-authenticated public DNS answers rather than the required successful DNSSEC validation by external resolvers.
B:Although this setting respects differences between private DNS scope and public authoritative signing, assuming identical DNSSEC hosting features for all private zones can produce an unsupported configuration; this concerns correctly scoped DNS integrity controls, not the specified successful DNSSEC validation by external resolvers.
C:The proposed action encrypts DNS transport between compatible participating endpoints; DNSSEC validation by itself cannot hide DNS names from observers, supporting private DNS query content in transit but leaving successful DNSSEC validation by external resolvers unmet.
Question 796
A central team receives truncated diagnostic evidence because its flow-log format lacks pkt-srcaddr and pkt-dstaddr. What should the network specialist configure?
- Investigate the applicable security group or NACL control first
- Use VPC Traffic Mirroring or another packet-capture location
- Customize the VPC Flow Logs format to include supported extended fields
- Parse the configured VPC Flow Log fields for the accepted/rejected conversations
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:The approach records additional origin and destination information for relevant network address translation contexts; ordinary default fields may reflect observation-interface addresses rather than original packet endpoints, directly enabling deeper source/destination flow attribution in this situation.
Incorrect Answers
A:This approach identifies a captured packet flow denied by AWS network filtering; no HTTP server log can explain a request blocked before reaching the host, which helps with network-control cause of rejected traffic instead of delivering deeper source/destination flow attribution.
B:This alternative captures supported packet payloads for protocol-level analysis; ACCEPT records do not include TLS cipher negotiation details, so it addresses packet contents beyond flow metadata rather than the required deeper source/destination flow attribution.
D:The proposed action uses logged five-tuple and metadata for network-flow correlation; a CloudTrail management event is not a per-connection traffic record, supporting protocol and endpoint identification within flow logs but leaving deeper source/destination flow attribution unmet.
Question 797
A retail frontend needs an ALB to route requests with a specific query-string flag to a new test service. How should this network requirement be implemented?
- Place the WebSocket application behind an Application Load Balancer
- Add an ALB query-string condition to a higher-priority listener rule
- Add host-header listener rules on an Application Load Balancer
- Create an ALB listener redirect action for the matching path
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:This configuration evaluates specified HTTP query parameters for request routing; Network Load Balancer listeners cannot inspect application query parameters, so it delivers parameter-driven routing within an HTTP listener under the stated constraints.
Incorrect Answers
A:Although this setting supports HTTP upgrade semantics for WebSocket connections, configure appropriate timeouts for expected idle periods rather than assuming normal short-lived requests; this concerns long-lived HTTP-upgraded application sessions, not the specified parameter-driven routing within an HTTP listener.
C:This approach evaluates HTTP Host headers to select a target group; DNS can point both names to the same ALB while its rules distinguish requests, which helps with hostname-based virtual hosting with a single load balancer instead of delivering parameter-driven routing within an HTTP listener.
D:This alternative responds with a configured HTTP redirect to the client; a forward action would keep traffic on backend targets instead of informing the browser to navigate, so it addresses client-visible URL redirection at layer 7 rather than the required parameter-driven routing within an HTTP listener.
Question 798
A baseline check must run against security groups across newly created AWS Organization accounts without adding bespoke Lambda scheduling in each account. Which service capability fits organization-wide rule compliance?
- Deploy an AWS Config organization rule or conformance pack through the organization's configuration governance model
- Enable only VPC Flow Logs in the management account
- Create a Route 53 weighted DNS policy for each new AWS account
- Use one subnet NACL in the management account as the organization-wide security baseline
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:AWS Config organization compliance controls can apply approved resource evaluations across member accounts when organizational prerequisites are met. Central policy deployment supports consistent detection as accounts are added.
Incorrect Answers
B:Flow Logs record network connections in configured VPCs, not security-group configuration compliance across all member accounts. Management account logging alone cannot evaluate remote account rules.
C:Weighted DNS records select among endpoint answers and are unrelated to enforcing configuration policies for EC2 security groups in member accounts.
D:Network ACLs apply to specific subnets in particular VPCs. They cannot serve as cross-account AWS Config compliance rules for all security-group resources.
Question 799
A secure document bucket is an S3 origin, and administrators want the bucket readable only through their CloudFront distribution. Which solution best addresses these network requirements?
- Create path-pattern cache behaviors with dedicated origin assignments
- Use Lambda@Edge for the supported CloudFront trigger
- Apply CloudFront geographic restrictions to the distribution
- Configure CloudFront Origin Access Control and restrict the bucket policy accordingly
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:With this choice, the selected action signs requests from CloudFront to the S3 origin under a scoped resource policy; blocking all public bucket access remains compatible with approved distribution-origin requests, providing private S3 origin access through CloudFront for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
A:This approach matches requests to ordered cache behaviors and sends them to their selected origins; behavior ordering matters when path patterns overlap, which helps with routing CDN paths to separate application backends instead of delivering private S3 origin access through CloudFront.
B:This alternative runs richer request or response logic at regional edge locations with supported network operations; supported events and runtime restrictions must be checked before selecting the integration, so it addresses edge logic requiring capabilities beyond CloudFront Functions rather than the required private S3 origin access through CloudFront.
C:Although this setting restricts viewer requests using country-level geographic information at the edge, the control is geographic rather than a substitute for identity-aware authorization; this concerns country-based CDN access enforcement, not the specified private S3 origin access through CloudFront.
Question 800
A private API uses certificate-based machine authentication and requires different issuing policies for services. What is the best next configuration decision?
- Define AWS Private CA subordinate CA and issuance controls
- Request an ACM public certificate with successful domain validation
- Revoke the affected private CA certificate and publish supported revocation information
- Distribute the private CA trust anchor to intended client trust stores
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:This configuration delegates private certificate issuance within a governed PKI hierarchy; a single unrestricted public certificate issuance workflow cannot enforce internal machine identity policy, so it delivers controlled workload certificate identities under the stated constraints.
Incorrect Answers
B:The proposed action obtains publicly trusted certificates for supported integrated services; a certificate from an internal private CA is not automatically trusted by internet browsers, supporting public domain TLS identity and trust but leaving controlled workload certificate identities unmet.
C:This approach tells relying parties that the compromised certificate should no longer be trusted; merely removing the certificate from one server does not invalidate all copies, which helps with controlled PKI response to exposed keys instead of delivering controlled workload certificate identities.
D:This alternative establishes certificate-chain trust for privately issued endpoint certificates; server-side certificate installation alone does not make clients trust a private issuer, so it addresses accepted private-service TLS validation rather than the required controlled workload certificate identities.