Question 760

A product team wants independently routed development spaces but can still choose fresh networks. Which option should the architect select?

  1. Associate a secondary IPv4 CIDR block with the VPC
  2. Use PrivateLink to expose the specific service without merging full VPC routes
  3. Separate the attachments into route tables or redesign the address plan
  4. Allocate nonoverlapping RFC1918 CIDRs during VPC address planning

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

The approach prevents ambiguous network reachability when future routing interconnects VPCs; retrospective NAT becomes avoidable when address allocation is governed early, directly enabling durable private address uniqueness between networks in this situation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Although this setting adds an additional valid VPC address range for subnet allocation, CIDR association alone does not create subnets or migrate existing interfaces; this concerns address-pool expansion without replacing the original range, not the specified durable private address uniqueness between networks.

B:

The proposed action provides endpoint-based application reachability without requiring nonoverlapping peer CIDRs; VPC peering disallows overlapping CIDR blocks, supporting application access between overlapping address spaces but leaving durable private address uniqueness between networks unmet.

C:

This approach avoids installing conflicting attachment reachability into one shared routing context; a broad route table cannot infer which identical destination CIDR is intended, which helps with unambiguous routing for overlapping VPC blocks instead of delivering durable private address uniqueness between networks.

Question 761

A central engineering team needs traceability for every programmatic VPC route change. Which change is the most appropriate?

  1. Implement explicit error handling and compensation in the automation workflow
  2. Make the resource automation idempotent with discovery before create operations
  3. Query the relevant route tables through EC2 or Transit Gateway APIs
  4. Ensure CloudTrail management events are recorded and retained

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

This configuration audits API activity that mutates control-plane network configurations; VPC Flow Logs capture traffic metadata rather than who invoked the route API, so it delivers attribution of networking configuration changes under the stated constraints.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This alternative prevents incomplete sequences from continuing silently across environments; success messages alone cannot guarantee all dependent resources were updated, so it addresses fail-safe orchestration of network API changes rather than the required attribution of networking configuration changes.

B:

Although this setting reconciles desired configuration without repeatedly creating duplicate resources, blind create calls can generate unnecessary objects on retries; this concerns repeatable safe network API automation, not the specified attribution of networking configuration changes.

C:

The proposed action retrieves configured route entries for a testable deployment assertion; a ping test cannot reliably expose which route entry matched, supporting machine-checkable routing-state verification but leaving attribution of networking configuration changes unmet.

Question 762

An internet-facing application is behind a trusted HTTP proxy before AWS WAF. Its rate-based WAF rule is grouping all end users under the proxy IP instead of their original addresses. What configuration addresses the attribution problem?

  1. Switch the rule to count TCP connections seen by a network ACL
  2. Use a Route 53 geolocation policy to create unique DNS answers for proxy clients
  3. Set the web ACL's default action to BLOCK for all incoming requests
  4. Configure the WAF rate-based rule to aggregate on the specified trusted forwarded-IP header and define fallback behavior

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

When WAF sees traffic from an intermediary, the request source IP can be the proxy address. An appropriately configured forwarded-IP field allows rate-based decisions to use the validated client address represented by the proxy-provided header, with safe handling if the header is missing or malformed.

Incorrect Answers

A:

AWS WAF evaluates supported Layer 7 web requests; a subnet ACL is stateless and has no per-client web request counter. This change would not fix the proxy-IP aggregation error.

B:

DNS selection does not change the forwarded IP address that WAF uses when aggregating web requests. All requests would still arrive through the trusted intermediary.

C:

A blanket block prevents legitimate traffic as well as abuse and never corrects the source attribution issue. The requirement is per-original-client rate enforcement.

Question 763

A provider has a working Gateway Load Balancer service and wants to keep all packets of a bidirectional inspection flow on the same virtual appliance as connections are balanced. Which Gateway Load Balancer behavior should the team verify?

  1. Verify the Gateway Load Balancer flow-stickiness behavior and symmetric routing through the appliance path
  2. Use Route 53 weighted records to distribute individual TCP packets among appliances
  3. Turn off the firewall's state table so return packets can use unrelated appliances
  4. Move the Gateway Load Balancer endpoint into a public subnet and attach an Elastic IP address

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Gateway Load Balancer maintains flow affinity to a selected healthy appliance for the relevant flow, while the surrounding routes must carry both directions of inspected traffic through the same service path. Otherwise a stateful appliance can see an incomplete conversation.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Route 53 supplies DNS answers to clients; it does not select the inspection appliance for each packet forwarded through Gateway Load Balancer. DNS weighting cannot maintain stateful flow symmetry.

C:

Disabling the state table would defeat the requirements of many third-party inspection policies and does not correct asymmetric forwarding. The packet path and appliance affinity are the relevant controls.

D:

A Gateway Load Balancer endpoint is a private service insertion point, not a public entry interface that requires an Elastic IP. Public addressing does not establish symmetric stateful inspection paths.

Question 764

A customer expects MACsec to encrypt packets beyond the Direct Connect physical link all the way to an EC2 guest. Which AWS networking approach meets this constraint?

  1. Align MACsec connectivity association keys and chosen encryption parameters
  2. Verify current MACsec eligibility and choose an approved dedicated connection when needed
  3. Add TLS or IPsec where end-to-end encryption is required
  4. Combine diverse physical connections with supported MACsec or suitable IPsec overlays

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This configuration encrypts traffic at a higher protocol layer beyond the individual Ethernet link; MACsec protects the applicable physical Ethernet hop rather than all subsequent routes, so it delivers application or tunnel confidentiality beyond DX link encryption under the stated constraints.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This alternative ensures the Ethernet peers can establish compatible link encryption; BGP route preferences are irrelevant until the encrypted physical link works, so it addresses successful authenticated MACsec operation rather than the required application or tunnel confidentiality beyond DX link encryption.

B:

Although this setting selects a DX connection model that actually supports required physical-link cryptography, hosted connection capabilities are not equivalent to every dedicated-port MACsec option; this concerns supported link-layer encryption deployment, not the specified application or tunnel confidentiality beyond DX link encryption.

D:

This approach separates circuit redundancy from cryptographic protection; using a single encrypted link still leaves a physical single point of failure, which helps with resilient encrypted hybrid connectivity instead of delivering application or tunnel confidentiality beyond DX link encryption.

Question 765

An HTTPS site is hit with bot-generated malicious requests that require content-aware inspection. What is the most suitable design or configuration?

  1. Use AWS Shield Standard protections built into eligible AWS infrastructure
  2. Use AWS WAF rules alongside Shield DDoS defenses
  3. Cache eligible responses through CloudFront with suitable protections
  4. Use Shield Advanced event visibility and configured notifications

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

With this choice, the selected action filters application-layer requests based on HTTP properties; pure network-layer shielding cannot express arbitrary header or URI rules, providing layer-seven request mitigation in a DDoS defense strategy for the network described.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The proposed action supplies baseline protection against common network and transport DDoS events; a custom WAF rule is not a general replacement for underlying network volumetric mitigation, supporting default AWS DDoS protection coverage but leaving layer-seven request mitigation in a DDoS defense strategy unmet.

C:

This alternative distributes content delivery across the CDN edge infrastructure; forcing all requests directly to one EC2 origin retains a central bottleneck, so it addresses scalable edge absorption of repeated web requests rather than the required layer-seven request mitigation in a DDoS defense strategy.

D:

Although this setting tracks observed DDoS attack events for protected resources, generic application logs alone may not classify infrastructure-level DDoS events; this concerns auditable advanced DDoS response monitoring, not the specified layer-seven request mitigation in a DDoS defense strategy.

Question 766

A multiplayer UDP service needs a global fixed IP entry point rather than a DNS-only routing policy. Which option should the architect select?

  1. Configure an appropriate accelerator endpoint health check for the application service
  2. Configure Global Accelerator client affinity by source IP
  3. Adjust the Global Accelerator endpoint weights within that endpoint group
  4. Use Global Accelerator with UDP-capable endpoints

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

With this choice, the selected action transports supported UDP flows using AWS's global anycast ingress addresses; a TCP-only application gateway would not preserve the UDP transport requirement, providing globally available entry for UDP application traffic for the network described.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Although this setting judges endpoint availability using supported application or transport health observations, an ICMP reply does not demonstrate that the actual listener or health path is healthy; this concerns routing only to endpoints that can serve the workload, not the specified globally available entry for UDP application traffic.

B:

The proposed action maintains endpoint affinity based on the client IP rather than independently distributing every flow; affinity may reduce balancing flexibility and is not an application session store, supporting endpoint consistency across a client's connections but leaving globally available entry for UDP application traffic unmet.

C:

This approach influences distribution among healthy endpoints in the same regional group; endpoint weights and regional traffic dials operate at different scopes, which helps with uneven traffic allocation between endpoints instead of delivering globally available entry for UDP application traffic.

Question 767

A third-party inspection appliance is registered and passes health checks behind an AWS Gateway Load Balancer, but it only decapsulates VXLAN on UDP port 4789 and sees none of the forwarded inspection flows. What must change?

  1. Configure the appliance and its network controls to accept and process GENEVE traffic on UDP port 6081
  2. Enable HTTP listener rules with path-based routing on an Application Load Balancer
  3. Enable VPC Traffic Mirroring without changing the appliance's supported encapsulation
  4. Change the GWLB target group to use TLS termination for the original application sessions

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Gateway Load Balancer sends packets to compatible virtual appliances using GENEVE encapsulation over UDP 6081. The appliance must decapsulate that protocol and the security controls must permit it; passing a health check alone does not prove data-plane compatibility.

Incorrect Answers

B:

An Application Load Balancer inspects HTTP requests at layer 7, whereas GWLB transparently inserts packet-processing appliances. An ALB path rule cannot convert or repair the GWLB appliance's encapsulation.

C:

VPC Traffic Mirroring uses VXLAN for copied observation traffic. Turning on a separate mirror session does not change GWLB's GENEVE transport or make a VXLAN-only appliance process its flows.

D:

GWLB does not operate as the application's TLS-terminating reverse proxy. Its target group delivers encapsulated IP traffic to inspection appliances rather than terminating the original application TLS sessions.

Question 768

A primary Direct Connect circuit remains up but AWS traffic unexpectedly prefers a backup path with a different AS_PATH. Which AWS networking approach meets this constraint?

  1. Inspect BGP prefix specificity and AWS route selection preferences before changing AS_PATH
  2. Withdraw the old prefix and advertise the new address block from the customer router
  3. Compare route filters and permitted prefix advertisements on each BGP peer
  4. Compare BGP hold timers, device restarts, and control-plane reachability

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

This configuration evaluates longest-prefix matches and platform path priorities as part of route choice; a shorter AS_PATH does not override all route-selection rules, so it delivers explaining unexpected preferred hybrid routes under the stated constraints.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This alternative updates the dynamic routing control plane to match address ownership; obsolete announcements can create traffic black holes after a migration, so it addresses correct routes after on-premises renumbering rather than the required explaining unexpected preferred hybrid routes.

C:

Although this setting identifies asymmetric route learning or advertisement policy, a healthy BGP session may advertise only a subset of the needed networks; this concerns consistent hybrid reachability over redundant peers, not the specified explaining unexpected preferred hybrid routes.

D:

The proposed action diagnoses session stability independently of physical interface counters; a clean optical link does not prove routing control-plane stability, supporting root cause of intermittent BGP adjacency loss but leaving explaining unexpected preferred hybrid routes unmet.

Question 769

A developer assumes two peered regional VPCs can transit traffic through a third peered VPC automatically. What should the network specialist configure?

  1. Configure inter-Region VPC peering and appropriate VPC routes
  2. Connect a transit VIF to a Direct Connect gateway associated with supported regional Transit Gateways
  3. Create Transit Gateway peering and add static routes for the peering attachment
  4. Create explicit direct peering or a supported transit architecture for the required pair

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

With this choice, the selected action compensates for the nontransitive nature of VPC peering; adding an extra route to an intermediate peer does not grant transit forwarding, providing explicit routable paths between cross-Region network pairs for the network described.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The proposed action connects nonoverlapping VPC CIDRs over AWS networking across Regions; inter-Region peering is nontransitive like in-Region peering, supporting direct cross-Region private VPC routing but leaving explicit routable paths between cross-Region network pairs unmet.

B:

This approach extends consolidated hybrid reachability through DX gateway associations; distinct Transit Gateway ASNs and allowed-prefix configuration must be considered, which helps with multiple-region hub connectivity through one physical entry instead of delivering explicit routable paths between cross-Region network pairs.

C:

This alternative joins two regional transit hubs using AWS backbone transport; peering does not automatically propagate routes between gateways, so it addresses inter-Region transit routing rather than the required explicit routable paths between cross-Region network pairs.

Question 770

A VPC endpoint definition uses a resource identifier from a hardcoded AWS Region and deployment fails elsewhere. Which change is the most appropriate?

  1. Obtain target resources through Region-aware parameters and references
  2. Parameterize subnet CIDRs or integrate governed IP address allocation
  3. Preserve stable resources and review replacement-triggering property changes
  4. Add the appropriate CloudFormation dependency on the attachment

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

The approach makes IaC configuration adapt to the deployment's regional scope; service availability and endpoint names can still differ by Region, directly enabling region-portable endpoint resource resolution in this situation.

Incorrect Answers

B:

The proposed action selects address ranges per environment under a consistent template; embedding one fixed CIDR into every account risks overlapping network plans, supporting collision-free reusable subnet provisioning but leaving region-portable endpoint resource resolution unmet.

C:

This approach avoids unnecessary resource replacement during declarative updates; resource replacement can change dependent paths and addresses, which helps with predictable egress identity across IaC releases instead of delivering region-portable endpoint resource resolution.

D:

This alternative ensures route resources are created after prerequisite attachment readiness; reference resolution alone may not cover implicit lifecycle dependencies in every pattern, so it addresses correct IaC resource ordering for network routes rather than the required region-portable endpoint resource resolution.

AWS Certified Advanced Networking - Specialty ANS-C01 Practice Tests