Question 540

An office sees intermittent VPN outages after a firewall stops responding to dead-peer detection probes. Which action provides the required behavior?

  1. Align DPD behavior and keep the peer reachable under the tunnel configuration
  2. Align IKE proposal algorithms and versions with supported AWS tunnel options
  3. Align phase-two IPsec proposals and relevant perfect-forward-secrecy groups
  4. Use supported link-local tunnel-inside CIDRs according to AWS VPN configuration rules

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

With this choice, the selected action checks the remote IPsec peer and drives expected reestablishment behavior; DPD tuning cannot overcome permanent loss of the remote internet path, providing stable VPN liveness and recovery for the network described.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This approach ensures both IPsec peers negotiate compatible phase-one security parameters; a VPC route adjustment cannot repair phase-one crypto incompatibility, which helps with successful IKE security-association establishment instead of delivering stable VPN liveness and recovery.

C:

This alternative negotiates compatible ESP and child security association settings; a working initial IKE exchange does not prove phase-two compatibility, so it addresses successful data-plane IPsec tunnel establishment rather than the required stable VPN liveness and recovery.

D:

Although this setting establishes the logical point-to-point addressing used by the tunnel interfaces, reusing conflicting tunnel inside addresses can break router configuration; this concerns valid inside IP addressing for VPN routing, not the specified stable VPN liveness and recovery.

Question 541

After enabling DNSSEC signing, a domain still lacks a parent-chain proof and external validators do not authenticate it. Which change is the most appropriate?

  1. Enable DNSSEC signing for the Route 53 public hosted zone
  2. Update authoritative NS delegation at the domain's registrar
  3. Publish the appropriate DS record at the parent registrar or registry
  4. Register the domain with Route 53 Domains and configure delegation

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

With this choice, the selected action links the parent delegation cryptographically to the child zone's signing keys; adding a TXT record does not substitute for a delegation signer record, providing an established DNSSEC chain of trust for the network described.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Although this setting signs supported public DNS records with cryptographic keys, validation also requires a correct chain of trust from the parent domain; this concerns authenticity validation of authoritative DNS data, not the specified an established DNSSEC chain of trust.

B:

The proposed action changes which nameservers the parent zone delegates authority to; publishing new NS records inside the destination child zone alone may not update the parent delegation, supporting authoritative DNS migration at the delegation layer but leaving an established DNSSEC chain of trust unmet.

D:

This alternative acquires the domain registration and points it at the chosen DNS authority; hosting records is separate from owning the registration for the name, so it addresses registrar ownership plus hosted-zone delegation rather than the required an established DNSSEC chain of trust.

Question 542

A cloud hub is receiving packets toward a workload VPC but the workload's return path uses another appliance. Which change is the most appropriate?

  1. Enable the attachment's route propagation into the consumer transit route table
  2. Check VPC subnet route tables for symmetric transit paths
  3. Add an appropriately scoped blackhole route to the transit gateway table
  4. Share the Transit Gateway using AWS RAM with scoped principals

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

With this choice, the selected action directs ingress and return traffic along compatible stateful network paths; a correct TGW route cannot compensate for a missing VPC subnet return route, providing consistent bidirectional transit routing for the network described.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This alternative installs eligible attached-network routes into the selected gateway table; attachment creation does not guarantee propagation into every route table, so it addresses learned CIDR reachability for transit consumers rather than the required consistent bidirectional transit routing.

C:

The proposed action drops packets whose destination matches the blackhole entry; security groups operate on ENIs and do not implement gateway blackhole routes, supporting explicit denied transit route at gateway level but leaving consistent bidirectional transit routing unmet.

D:

This approach authorizes other accounts to create attachments to a centrally owned gateway; RAM sharing alone does not install working subnet or gateway routes, which helps with controlled multi-account transit attachment access instead of delivering consistent bidirectional transit routing.

Question 543

An EC2 web service makes API calls to a third-party HTTPS provider and must verify server identity. Which change is the most appropriate?

  1. Require the database engine's supported TLS connection option and client verification
  2. Validate certificate chain and requested hostname in the TLS client
  3. Use HTTPS S3 requests and an appropriate bucket policy denying insecure transport
  4. Deploy a managed certificate distribution and renewal workflow to the EC2 web server

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The approach prevents accepting an encrypted connection to an impersonating server; encryption without peer identity validation remains vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks, directly enabling authenticated outbound HTTPS service communication in this situation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This approach protects client-to-database data in transit using the service's TLS protocol; encrypted EBS volumes do not encrypt network packets in flight, which helps with encrypted managed-database application connections instead of delivering authenticated outbound HTTPS service communication.

C:

Although this setting enforces secure transport for S3 API operations, server-side encryption of stored objects is a separate at-rest control; this concerns encrypted data movement into S3, not the specified authenticated outbound HTTPS service communication.

D:

The proposed action installs renewed certificates in the software that actually terminates TLS; attaching an ACM certificate to an unrelated ALB does not update Nginx on the instance, supporting maintained TLS identity on customer-managed application servers but leaving authenticated outbound HTTPS service communication unmet.

Question 544

A team must limit transit route growth caused by hundreds of tiny corporate networks. Which option should the architect select?

  1. Analyze overlap restrictions and isolate or translate the affected routing domains
  2. Summarize prefixes where it is safe and supported by the routing design
  3. Compare subnet route-table associations before and after the change
  4. Check the more-specific route entry that wins longest-prefix matching

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

With this choice, the selected action reduces advertised route entries while preserving intended reachability; careless summary routes can blackhole destinations not actually reachable, providing constrained route-table growth under scaling for the network described.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Although this setting prevents ambiguous routes from colliding in the same transit lookup context, a health check cannot reveal which identical prefix should receive a packet; this concerns stable routing across overlapping address spaces, not the specified constrained route-table growth under scaling.

C:

This approach validates that the actual subnet consults the expected route table; a correct route in an unassociated table has no effect on the workload, which helps with accurate identification of routing changes during maintenance instead of delivering constrained route-table growth under scaling.

D:

This alternative follows IPv4 routing selection using the most specific matching destination; a broad /16 target does not win over an existing matching /24 route, so it addresses explanation of unexpected next-hop selection rather than the required constrained route-table growth under scaling.

Question 545

An EC2 auditing agent must resolve 10.20.5.18 to an internal hostname with a PTR lookup, but the reverse name must not be published on the public internet. Which DNS implementation satisfies the requirement?

  1. Create a Route 53 private hosted zone for the relevant in-addr.arpa reverse namespace, associate it with the VPC, and publish the PTR record
  2. Add a public A record for the instance and assume reverse DNS is automatically generated
  3. Create a Route 53 latency routing policy for the internal hostname
  4. Publish a private TXT record containing the instance's IPv4 address

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

A PTR record maps a reversed IPv4 address to its hostname. Placing the relevant reverse namespace in a VPC-associated private hosted zone gives the auditing agent a private reverse lookup without publicly exposing the internal naming data.

Incorrect Answers

B:

An A record resolves a hostname to an IPv4 address; it neither supplies a PTR response nor guarantees private reverse DNS. Public forward records would also expose a different namespace than the requested internal lookup.

C:

Latency routing chooses among DNS answers based on location-related response times. It cannot create reverse mappings for an IPv4 address and does not address the private visibility requirement.

D:

TXT records convey arbitrary text, and reverse-lookup clients request PTR records under in-addr.arpa. A TXT value containing the IP would not be treated as the hostname answer by those clients.

Question 546

A central account needs repeatable distribution of Resolver DNS Firewall rule groups to child workload accounts. What is the most suitable design or configuration?

  1. Configure Route 53 Resolver DNS Firewall rule groups and associate them with VPCs
  2. Authorize and associate the private hosted zone with the cross-account VPC
  3. Examine private hosted-zone associations and resolver rule precedence
  4. Share eligible Resolver DNS Firewall rule groups using AWS RAM

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

This configuration makes centrally governed DNS filtering groups available for associated accounts; sharing a rule group does not itself associate it with every consuming VPC, so it delivers organization-wide reuse of DNS firewall policies under the stated constraints.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The proposed action filters resolver queries by domain lists and chosen block or alert actions; it inspects DNS queries and is not a complete substitute for HTTP or egress firewalls, supporting DNS-layer filtering of risky destinations but leaving organization-wide reuse of DNS firewall policies unmet.

B:

This approach extends private hosted-zone visibility beyond the zone owner's own VPC associations; this association process differs from simply sharing a subnet through RAM, which helps with controlled cross-account private zone visibility instead of delivering organization-wide reuse of DNS firewall policies.

C:

This alternative determines which private DNS namespace or forwarding rule the VPC resolver uses; DNS routing conflicts cannot be corrected solely by modifying an unrelated public record, so it addresses predictable resolution of overlapping DNS namespaces rather than the required organization-wide reuse of DNS firewall policies.

Question 547

A VPC Flow Log record shows REJECT for a connection attempt to a server's TCP 443 listener. What is the best next configuration decision?

  1. Customize the VPC Flow Logs format to include supported extended fields
  2. Use VPC Traffic Mirroring or another packet-capture location
  3. Investigate the applicable security group or NACL control first
  4. Check Flow Logs limitations for traffic to the AmazonProvidedDNS resolver

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

With this choice, the selected action identifies a captured packet flow denied by AWS network filtering; no HTTP server log can explain a request blocked before reaching the host, providing network-control cause of rejected traffic for the network described.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This alternative records additional origin and destination information for relevant network address translation contexts; ordinary default fields may reflect observation-interface addresses rather than original packet endpoints, so it addresses deeper source/destination flow attribution rather than the required network-control cause of rejected traffic.

B:

Although this setting captures supported packet payloads for protocol-level analysis, ACCEPT records do not include TLS cipher negotiation details; this concerns packet contents beyond flow metadata, not the specified network-control cause of rejected traffic.

D:

This approach recognizes that certain AWS-reserved service traffic is excluded from standard flow logging; absence of a record is not conclusive proof that the DNS query never occurred, which helps with correct interpretation of a flow-log visibility gap instead of delivering network-control cause of rejected traffic.

Question 548

A private application cannot find an internal service because its record points to an obsolete endpoint IP. What is the best next configuration decision?

  1. Add the child zone's authoritative NS records in the parent hosted zone
  2. Replace the domain registration's NS delegation with the new hosted-zone set
  3. Use a Route 53 alias A/AAAA record as appropriate to the distribution
  4. Update the private hosted zone's record set to the new reachable target

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

This configuration refreshes the authoritative internal DNS answer for associated VPCs; DNS TTL propagation must be considered when assessing when clients observe changes, so it delivers correct private service address after migration under the stated constraints.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This approach publishes delegated name-server referrals for that subdomain; creation of the child zone alone does not redirect recursion to it, which helps with separate administrative authority for a child namespace instead of delivering correct private service address after migration.

B:

This alternative aligns the parent delegation with the active Route 53 nameservers; simply updating an A record cannot fix a stale delegation at the registrar, so it addresses restored public DNS authority after zone recreation rather than the required correct private service address after migration.

C:

Although this setting maps apex names to supported AWS resources without an apex CNAME, ordinary CNAME records are restricted at a zone apex; this concerns valid apex routing to CloudFront, not the specified correct private service address after migration.

Question 549

A dual-Region endpoint group shows an unhealthy application even though an EC2 instance can answer ICMP. Which AWS networking approach meets this constraint?

  1. Configure Global Accelerator client affinity by source IP
  2. Use Global Accelerator with UDP-capable endpoints
  3. Configure an appropriate accelerator endpoint health check for the application service
  4. Set the Global Accelerator traffic dial for that Region's endpoint group to zero

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This configuration judges endpoint availability using supported application or transport health observations; an ICMP reply does not demonstrate that the actual listener or health path is healthy, so it delivers routing only to endpoints that can serve the workload under the stated constraints.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The proposed action maintains endpoint affinity based on the client IP rather than independently distributing every flow; affinity may reduce balancing flexibility and is not an application session store, supporting endpoint consistency across a client's connections but leaving routing only to endpoints that can serve the workload unmet.

B:

This approach transports supported UDP flows using AWS's global anycast ingress addresses; a TCP-only application gateway would not preserve the UDP transport requirement, which helps with globally available entry for UDP application traffic instead of delivering routing only to endpoints that can serve the workload.

D:

Although this setting controls the fraction of traffic sent to an endpoint group by Region, the change affects new routing decisions rather than draining an established application connection by force; this concerns region-wide traffic evacuation during maintenance, not the specified routing only to endpoints that can serve the workload.

Question 550

An organization uses a virtual private gateway and seeks a simple encrypted path for a single VPC. Which AWS networking approach meets this constraint?

  1. Configure a dynamic Site-to-Site VPN with BGP-capable customer gateway
  2. Deploy AWS Site-to-Site VPN over the internet
  3. Terminate the Site-to-Site VPN on the VPC's virtual private gateway
  4. Attach Site-to-Site VPN to AWS Transit Gateway

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

With this choice, the selected action connects the customer gateway IPsec service to the VPC routing boundary; a TGW becomes more appropriate for many separately attached VPCs, providing VPC-specific managed VPN termination for the network described.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Although this setting exchanges routes dynamically over the VPN tunnel sessions, static route-only VPN connections require route changes to be maintained explicitly; this concerns adaptive route learning between branch and AWS, not the specified VPC-specific managed VPN termination.

B:

The proposed action creates IPsec tunnels between customer gateway and AWS VPN termination; internet-path latency and variability remain relevant to SLA planning, supporting rapid encrypted hybrid connectivity over existing internet access but leaving VPC-specific managed VPN termination unmet.

D:

This alternative uses the transit routing hub to exchange routes between VPN and selected attachments; isolation still depends on transit gateway route-table design, so it addresses centralized hybrid routing for multiple networks rather than the required VPC-specific managed VPN termination.

AWS Certified Advanced Networking - Specialty ANS-C01 Practice Tests