Question 520
A link-down alarm should open an incident and page the network on-call engineer. Which action directly resolves the stated problem?
- Use VPC-creation EventBridge events to invoke a Lambda policy-check workflow
- Schedule a serverless inventory and validation job with EventBridge Scheduler
- Send a CloudWatch alarm to SNS and the incident integration
- Orchestrate an approved automation workflow with Step Functions and scoped API operations
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:With this choice, the selected action delivers notifications when the monitored threshold transitions state; a log delivery bucket alone does not send operational pages, providing automated notification on connectivity failures for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
A:Although this setting reacts to new VPC creation events and runs focused automated network checks, a VPC-creation event filter does not detect subsequent security-group modification APIs; this concerns event-driven VPC-creation governance, not the specified automated notification on connectivity failures.
B:The proposed action invokes defined audits on a predictable timetable; an event-only trigger would miss issues that arise without a captured change event, supporting recurring network configuration validation but leaving automated notification on connectivity failures unmet.
D:This alternative coordinates retries, sequencing and error handling for network changes; a single manual CLI loop lacks workflow-state and recovery controls, so it addresses repeatable multi-account route-management operations rather than the required automated notification on connectivity failures.
Question 521
A CloudFront distribution must enforce HTTPS for viewers and also protect requests on the separate CloudFront-to-custom-origin hop. Which policy settings provide both TLS legs? Choose TWO.
- Use an HTTPS target group with compatible target certificates
- Set the custom origin protocol policy to HTTPS Only
- Use an NLB TCP listener that passes the TLS bytes to the targets
- Configure SNI-compatible certificates on the ALB HTTPS listener
- Configure the distribution's viewer HTTPS policy and a valid certificate
Explanation
Correct Answers
B:This component uses TLS when CloudFront establishes connections to the configured origin; viewer HTTPS does not automatically guarantee every origin fetch uses TLS, contributing encrypted CDN-to-origin traffic to the combined requirement for encrypted browser-to-CDN traffic and encrypted CDN-to-origin traffic.
E:This component enforces TLS on the client-to-edge hop according to the selected policy; an HTTPS origin configuration alone does not secure the viewer hop, contributing encrypted browser-to-CDN traffic to the combined requirement for encrypted browser-to-CDN traffic and encrypted CDN-to-origin traffic.
Incorrect Answers
A:This approach initiates TLS from the ALB to its backend targets; selecting an HTTPS listener protects only the client-facing leg, which helps with protected ALB-to-target application hop instead of delivering encrypted browser-to-CDN traffic and encrypted CDN-to-origin traffic.
C:Although this setting forwards transport data without terminating the client's TLS session, an NLB TLS listener would terminate the client-facing TLS session at the load balancer; this concerns backend-controlled TLS termination, not the specified encrypted browser-to-CDN traffic and encrypted CDN-to-origin traffic.
D:The proposed action chooses a server certificate based on the client-supplied name; forcing one certificate to cover unrelated names can cause hostname validation failures, supporting multi-tenant HTTPS identities on one ALB but leaving encrypted browser-to-CDN traffic and encrypted CDN-to-origin traffic unmet.
Question 522
An internal service certificate must be revoked immediately because its key was exposed. Which action provides the required behavior?
- Revoke the affected private CA certificate and publish supported revocation information
- Request an ACM public certificate with successful domain validation
- Distribute the private CA trust anchor to intended client trust stores
- Define AWS Private CA subordinate CA and issuance controls
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:This configuration tells relying parties that the compromised certificate should no longer be trusted; merely removing the certificate from one server does not invalidate all copies, so it delivers controlled PKI response to exposed keys under the stated constraints.
Incorrect Answers
B:The proposed action obtains publicly trusted certificates for supported integrated services; a certificate from an internal private CA is not automatically trusted by internet browsers, supporting public domain TLS identity and trust but leaving controlled PKI response to exposed keys unmet.
C:This approach establishes certificate-chain trust for privately issued endpoint certificates; server-side certificate installation alone does not make clients trust a private issuer, which helps with accepted private-service TLS validation instead of delivering controlled PKI response to exposed keys.
D:This alternative delegates private certificate issuance within a governed PKI hierarchy; a single unrestricted public certificate issuance workflow cannot enforce internal machine identity policy, so it addresses controlled workload certificate identities rather than the required controlled PKI response to exposed keys.
Question 523
A primary website origin returns repeated 5xx responses and the operator wants CloudFront to use a standby origin for eligible requests. What should the network specialist configure?
- Use a CloudFront cache policy that disables caching for the API behavior
- Add the rendition parameter to the CloudFront cache policy's cache key
- Create a CloudFront origin group with primary and secondary origins
- Forward the header using a CloudFront origin request policy without including it in the cache key
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:This configuration invokes configured origin failover when eligible methods encounter selected errors; origin failover cannot be assumed to retry unsafe write operations such as POST, so it delivers edge-origin failover for supported HTTP methods under the stated constraints.
Incorrect Answers
A:This alternative bypasses edge object reuse while retaining CDN HTTPS delivery and origin connectivity; request forwarding alone does not ensure that sensitive response bodies are not cached, so it addresses per-request dynamic responses without shared cached state rather than the required edge-origin failover for supported HTTP methods.
B:Although this setting controls which request parameters distinguish cached objects at the edge, the origin may receive a parameter without the edge varying the cache entry unless it is in the cache key; this concerns correct caching of variant-specific responses, not the specified edge-origin failover for supported HTTP methods.
D:This approach forwards selected request values to the origin independently of cache variation; forwarding values as part of the cache key would reduce cache hit ratio, which helps with header forwarding without needless cache fragmentation instead of delivering edge-origin failover for supported HTTP methods.
Question 524
A company has two Direct Connect connections in separate facilities but users sometimes traverse only one due to route policy. What should the network specialist configure?
- Review longest-prefix selection before applying BGP preference changes
- Simulate primary Direct Connect failure and observe BGP route convergence
- Deploy Site-to-Site VPN as a failover path and adjust routing priorities
- Review BGP preferences and advertisements on both circuits
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The approach determines which valid session's routes are selected and available for backup; additional physical links do not force desired routing distribution, directly enabling correct primary-secondary Direct Connect behavior in this situation.
Incorrect Answers
A:This approach recognizes that more-specific routing matches can override broad path preference; comparing AS_PATH for different-length prefixes does not override destination longest-match logic, which helps with predictable forwarding with mixed BGP prefix lengths instead of delivering correct primary-secondary Direct Connect behavior.
B:This alternative verifies that the alternate tunnel carries real traffic when the preferred path disappears; an idle VPN status page alone is not evidence of end-to-end recovery, so it addresses tested hybrid link failover rather than the required correct primary-secondary Direct Connect behavior.
C:Although this setting retains an alternate IPsec path when the primary private circuit becomes unavailable, both primary and backup must advertise compatible destinations with sensible preference; this concerns backup hybrid routing over an independent transport, not the specified correct primary-secondary Direct Connect behavior.
Question 525
A network administrator wants an SNS notification if a firewall drop metric exceeds a justified baseline. Which change is the most appropriate?
- Compare time-aligned service metrics with CloudTrail change records
- Examine TargetResponseTime and target HTTP code CloudWatch metrics
- Create a CloudWatch alarm on the relevant firewall or derived metric
- Alarm on per-tunnel VPN TunnelState metrics in CloudWatch
- Include Direct Connect ConnectionState and appropriate error counters
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:The approach applies a threshold and evaluation window to a measured security signal; CloudWatch dashboards show data but are not themselves notification rules, directly enabling automated drop-rate anomaly alerting in this situation.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed action combines operational signal timing with configuration mutation history; checking only current route tables omits the event that triggered the change, supporting change-correlated network incident diagnosis but leaving automated drop-rate anomaly alerting unmet.
B:This approach distinguishes slow target processing and target-generated error rates; front-end DNS TTL values do not explain target application latency, which helps with quantitative load-balancer-to-backend performance diagnosis instead of delivering automated drop-rate anomaly alerting.
D:Although this setting evaluates AWS-provided tunnel state against alert conditions, an aggregate monthly data-transfer chart would not identify which tunnel dropped; this concerns early degraded-resiliency notification, not the specified automated drop-rate anomaly alerting.
E:The proposed action tracks link state independently of the amount of traffic transferred; low throughput can mean idle workloads, not necessarily a failed circuit, supporting observability of hybrid physical or connection faults but leaving automated drop-rate anomaly alerting unmet.
Question 526
Several accounts should launch workloads into subnets that one central network account owns. Which solution best addresses these network requirements?
- Use an interface VPC endpoint to consume an already published third-party PrivateLink service
- Connect the VPCs to an AWS Transit Gateway with segmented route tables
- Establish a VPC peering connection and add reciprocal routes
- Share selected VPC subnets using AWS RAM
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:With this choice, the selected action lets participant accounts create permitted resources in centrally owned shared subnets; participants do not receive ownership of core VPC network constructs, providing multi-account shared-VPC subnet administration for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
A:Although this setting supplies a consumer-side ENI for connecting to an existing endpoint service, publishing a new private API requires the provider to expose an endpoint service; this concerns third-party service consumption rather than provider-side service publication, not the specified multi-account shared-VPC subnet administration.
B:The proposed action provides a scalable hub for routing among selected attachments; each VPC's subnet routes still must point to the transit gateway, supporting centrally controlled many-to-many VPC networking but leaving multi-account shared-VPC subnet administration unmet.
C:This approach enables direct private IP forwarding between the two peer VPCs; VPC peering does not act as transitive routing to a third peer, which helps with simple one-to-one private VPC connectivity instead of delivering multi-account shared-VPC subnet administration.
Question 527
An application must redirect all HTTP visitors to HTTPS and encrypt traffic again between the ALB and its EC2 targets. Which configurations satisfy these requirements? Choose TWO.
- Add a matching listener rule with a fixed deny response
- Use an HTTPS ALB listener and an HTTPS target group
- Configure multiple listener certificates with Server Name Indication support
- Configure ALB authenticate-oidc listener actions
- Configure an HTTP listener with a redirect to HTTPS
Explanation
Correct Answers
B:This component terminates and initiates separate TLS sessions on each load-balancer hop; HTTPS to the load balancer does not automatically encrypt the backend leg, contributing encryption on both sides of the ALB to the combined requirement for enforced client-facing HTTPS navigation and encryption on both sides of the ALB.
E:This component returns the redirect response that tells clients to use encrypted HTTPS; a backend TLS listener alone does not redirect a client that entered through HTTP, contributing enforced client-facing HTTPS navigation to the combined requirement for enforced client-facing HTTPS navigation and encryption on both sides of the ALB.
Incorrect Answers
A:This alternative evaluates HTTP headers and can return a configured HTTP status without forwarding; plain security group rules cannot examine HTTP header values, so it addresses header-based denial at the application ingress rather than the required enforced client-facing HTTPS navigation and encryption on both sides of the ALB.
C:The proposed action selects an appropriate certificate based on the TLS client's requested server name; the client must support SNI to select among the additional certificates, supporting multiple TLS identities on one HTTPS listener but leaving enforced client-facing HTTPS navigation and encryption on both sides of the ALB unmet.
D:This approach performs supported OpenID Connect authentication before forwarding requests; a network ACL cannot execute a web identity-provider sign-in flow, which helps with identity-aware access on the HTTP listener instead of delivering enforced client-facing HTTPS navigation and encryption on both sides of the ALB.
Question 528
A pipeline needs to share a Transit Gateway resource after creating it in the network account. What is the most suitable design or configuration?
- Assume scoped cross-account IAM roles using STS during deployment
- Narrow its IAM permissions and resource conditions where supported
- Use CloudFormation StackSets with organizational deployment targets
- Include an AWS RAM resource-share step with authorized principals
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:This configuration publishes the owned gateway to the consuming accounts; gateway creation alone does not grant external accounts attachment rights, so it delivers reproducible cross-account transit gateway sharing under the stated constraints.
Incorrect Answers
A:This approach grants temporary least-privilege credentials in the destination account; embedding access keys into pipeline code creates an avoidable secret-management risk, which helps with controlled multi-account IaC execution instead of delivering reproducible cross-account transit gateway sharing.
B:This alternative limits API changes to the resources and operations required by the function; broad wildcard permissions increase the impact of bugs or compromised automation, so it addresses least-privilege network remediation automation rather than the required reproducible cross-account transit gateway sharing.
C:Although this setting deploys a consistent stack across selected accounts and Regions, an individual stack exists in one account and Region instead of the whole target fleet; this concerns centrally distributed network logging baseline, not the specified reproducible cross-account transit gateway sharing.
Question 529
A security group in a new member account permits TCP 22 from 0.0.0.0/0 and the organization wants automatic policy visibility. Which change is the most appropriate?
- Configure supported AWS Firewall Manager Network Firewall policies
- Review Firewall Manager policy compliance findings with read-only access
- Use AWS Firewall Manager security-group policies across designated accounts
- Deploy a Firewall Manager WAF policy with scoped resources
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:This configuration centrally evaluates and manages eligible security-group rule posture; a single EC2 console audit cannot cover newly created accounts consistently, so it delivers organization-scale detection of overly broad access under the stated constraints.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed action coordinates firewall resources and policies across AWS accounts; local-only firewall rules lack organization-level orchestration, supporting centrally managed VPC network inspection governance but leaving organization-scale detection of overly broad access unmet.
B:This approach separates assessment of centrally managed protection from remediation authority; a monitoring role need not have broad permissions to edit every rule, which helps with oversight of firewall policy compliance instead of delivering organization-scale detection of overly broad access.
D:Although this setting manages compatible web ACL protections across organization members, merely sharing a web ACL object does not attach it to eligible ALBs; this concerns uniform application firewall baselines, not the specified organization-scale detection of overly broad access.
Question 530
A network inventory job must list route tables and connections across several accounts without manual console exports. What is the best next configuration decision?
- Implement explicit error handling and compensation in the automation workflow
- Make the resource automation idempotent with discovery before create operations
- Ensure CloudTrail management events are recorded and retained
- Use AWS SDK or CLI Describe and List APIs with assumed account roles
- Query the relevant route tables through EC2 or Transit Gateway APIs
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The approach queries networking resource metadata through authorized API calls; console screenshots are not structured or repeatable inventory feeds, directly enabling automated cross-account network inventory in this situation.
Incorrect Answers
A:Although this setting prevents incomplete sequences from continuing silently across environments, success messages alone cannot guarantee all dependent resources were updated; this concerns fail-safe orchestration of network API changes, not the specified automated cross-account network inventory.
B:The proposed action reconciles desired configuration without repeatedly creating duplicate resources; blind create calls can generate unnecessary objects on retries, supporting repeatable safe network API automation but leaving automated cross-account network inventory unmet.
C:This approach audits API activity that mutates control-plane network configurations; VPC Flow Logs capture traffic metadata rather than who invoked the route API, which helps with attribution of networking configuration changes instead of delivering automated cross-account network inventory.
E:Although this setting retrieves configured route entries for a testable deployment assertion, a ping test cannot reliably expose which route entry matched; this concerns machine-checkable routing-state verification, not the specified automated cross-account network inventory.