Question 960
A private application uses AWS PrivateLink and should accept connection requests only from specific customer AWS accounts. What provider-side configuration controls who can request a connection?
- Expose the service using AWS PrivateLink endpoint services and consumer interface endpoints
- Configure the target group's deregistration delay
- Approve the interface endpoint connection request in the endpoint service owner account
- Restrict endpoint-service allowed principals and require acceptance when appropriate
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:Endpoint-service permissions control which principals can request interface endpoints, while connection acceptance lets the provider approve eligible consumers before traffic flows.
Incorrect Answers
A:PrivateLink offers private service access through endpoints without requiring end-to-end routing between the producer and consumer VPC CIDR ranges; that still would not establish the requested outcome: restrict who may consume a published endpoint service.
B:The deregistration delay sets how long a deregistering target can continue draining existing requests before being fully removed from service; the scenario instead needs an action that will restrict who may consume a published endpoint service.
C:When acceptance is required, a service consumer's endpoint request is not usable until the provider accepts that specific connection; NLB health alone does not approve access; those conditions do not produce the required result: restrict who may consume a published endpoint service.
Question 961
A firewall appliance VPC receives traffic through TGW, but the reverse direction sometimes bypasses the same stateful appliance instance. What TGW attachment option addresses route symmetry for inspection?
- Add a TGW attachment subnet in the required Availability Zone and verify associated VPC routes
- Enable appliance mode on the VPC attachment hosting the stateful inspection appliances
- Add a destination CIDR route targeting the TGW attachment in the originating subnet route table
- Add or propagate the destination route into the TGW route table associated with the source attachment
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:TGW appliance mode helps ensure the same appliance AZ is selected for a flow in both directions, which is important for stateful inspection continuity.
Incorrect Answers
A:TGW VPC attachment data-plane availability depends on enabled attachment AZs; a subnet without an attachment path cannot assume that another AZ's attachment automatically carries its traffic; the scenario instead needs an action that will keep inspected return packets on the same appliance path.
C:TGW route tables act only after traffic enters the transit gateway; the source VPC route table must first select the transit gateway as next hop for the destination prefix; it changes a different aspect of the architecture rather than fulfilling the need to keep inspected return packets on the same appliance path.
D:TGW evaluates the route table associated with the inbound attachment; having a destination attached elsewhere is insufficient if that route table lacks a matching path; the operational gap would remain because the question requires a way to keep inspected return packets on the same appliance path.
Question 962
A threat model requires centralized layer-four and layer-seven packet inspection of outbound connections from multiple isolated VPCs before internet egress. Which AWS-native firewall service supports managed stateful rules in that traffic path?
- Deliver Network Firewall logs to a supported destination and derive CloudWatch metrics and alarms for matching events
- Examine AWS Network Firewall alert and flow logs with the configured stateful rule action
- Configure supported Network Firewall TLS SNI or domain-list matching with the intended stateful rule action
- Place AWS Network Firewall endpoints in the centralized egress path and route inspected traffic through them
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:Network Firewall processes packets according to configured stateless and stateful policies; the surrounding subnet/TGW routing must force both relevant directions through the endpoints.
Incorrect Answers
A:Firewall flow or alert logs describe inspection events, while derived metrics and alarms can notify responders when defined event counts exceed thresholds; those conditions do not produce the required result: enforce stateful inspection on outbound network flows.
B:An alert action records a match without necessarily dropping the traffic, while a drop or reject action changes data-plane delivery; rule action and event evidence must be read together; it changes a different aspect of the architecture rather than fulfilling the need to enforce stateful inspection on outbound network flows.
C:Stateful domain inspection can examine supported protocol metadata such as TLS SNI without full TLS decryption; it cannot classify traffic lacking the inspected hostname signal; the operational gap would remain because the question requires a way to enforce stateful inspection on outbound network flows.
Question 963
An inspection appliance fleet is not a native Network Firewall policy but must transparently analyze flows from multiple VPCs. Which load-balancing model forwards encapsulated traffic to the appliance instances?
- Use Gateway Load Balancer with Gateway Load Balancer endpoints and supported appliance targets
- Enable appliance mode on the VPC attachment hosting the stateful inspection appliances
- Place AWS Network Firewall endpoints in the centralized egress path and route inspected traffic through them
- Register appliance IPs or instances in a target group that receives GENEVE traffic on port 6081
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:GWLB uses GENEVE encapsulation to distribute traffic to inspection appliances, while GWLBe provides a private steering endpoint inside service-consumer VPCs.
Incorrect Answers
B:TGW appliance mode helps ensure the same appliance AZ is selected for a flow in both directions, which is important for stateful inspection continuity; the operational gap would remain because the question requires a way to insert third-party appliances into traffic paths.
C:Network Firewall processes packets according to configured stateless and stateful policies; the surrounding subnet/TGW routing must force both relevant directions through the endpoints; it is not the action that directly makes the system insert third-party appliances into traffic paths.
D:Gateway Load Balancer encapsulates customer packets using GENEVE so inspection appliances can process the original traffic and return it through the service chain; that still would not establish the requested outcome: insert third-party appliances into traffic paths.
Question 964
A security team wants AWS Network Firewall to inspect TLS client hello SNI values and reject connections to unapproved external hostnames without decrypting their payloads. Which stateful inspection feature is relevant?
- Place AWS Network Firewall endpoints in the centralized egress path and route inspected traffic through them
- Deliver Network Firewall logs to a supported destination and derive CloudWatch metrics and alarms for matching events
- Examine AWS Network Firewall alert and flow logs with the configured stateful rule action
- Configure supported Network Firewall TLS SNI or domain-list matching with the intended stateful rule action
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:Stateful domain inspection can examine supported protocol metadata such as TLS SNI without full TLS decryption; it cannot classify traffic lacking the inspected hostname signal.
Incorrect Answers
A:Network Firewall processes packets according to configured stateless and stateful policies; the surrounding subnet/TGW routing must force both relevant directions through the endpoints; the operational gap would remain because the question requires a way to enforce hostname-based TLS egress filtering.
B:Firewall flow or alert logs describe inspection events, while derived metrics and alarms can notify responders when defined event counts exceed thresholds; it is not the action that directly makes the system enforce hostname-based TLS egress filtering.
C:An alert action records a match without necessarily dropping the traffic, while a drop or reject action changes data-plane delivery; rule action and event evidence must be read together; that still would not establish the requested outcome: enforce hostname-based TLS egress filtering.
Question 965
A network team requires strict denial for every connection to a compromised subnet from a known external network but its security groups have no explicit deny syntax. Which rule type provides deny precedence?
- Inspect security-group and network ACL rules along with the destination routing path
- Configure an ordered network ACL deny on the target subnet with matching destination and protocol scope
- Add a numbered DENY entry for the hostile /24 in the relevant network ACL before a broader ALLOW entry
- Create AWS Config rules for the intended network ACL compliance policy and automate response where supported
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:A network ACL explicitly rejects matching stateless traffic before later broader allow entries; security groups can only grant permitted flows.
Incorrect Answers
A:Flow Logs classify traffic as accepted or rejected at the interface-level logging view; they do not directly name the exact security-group or NACL rule responsible; it is not the action that directly makes the system create ordered explicit subnet deny rules.
C:Network ACLs evaluate stateless rules in ascending number order and support explicit denies; security groups do not have deny rules; Both ingress and egress paths still need compatible NACL handling; the scenario instead needs an action that will create ordered explicit subnet deny rules.
D:AWS Config records resource configuration and can evaluate it against guardrails; a workflow can then notify or trigger controlled remediation; those conditions do not produce the required result: create ordered explicit subnet deny rules.
Question 966
A service in a private VPC must call the AWS Systems Manager API without passing through public internet or NAT. Which private network access control should accompany connectivity?
- Add a numbered DENY entry for the hostile /24 in the relevant network ACL before a broader ALLOW entry
- Create the relevant interface VPC endpoints and constrain their endpoint security groups and policies
- Reference an AWS-managed prefix list in compatible egress security-group rules
- Configure an ordered network ACL deny on the target subnet with matching destination and protocol scope
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:Interface endpoints provide private addresses for supported service APIs, while endpoint security groups and policies can limit which clients and service actions are permitted.
Incorrect Answers
A:Network ACLs evaluate stateless rules in ascending number order and support explicit denies; security groups do not have deny rules; Both ingress and egress paths still need compatible NACL handling; that still would not establish the requested outcome: secure private access to AWS management APIs.
C:Managed prefix lists can keep approved CIDR collections current for supported AWS services, reducing manually maintained broad address rules in eligible security-group configurations; those conditions do not produce the required result: secure private access to AWS management APIs.
D:A network ACL explicitly rejects matching stateless traffic before later broader allow entries; security groups can only grant permitted flows; it changes a different aspect of the architecture rather than fulfilling the need to secure private access to AWS management APIs.
Question 967
A business requires default-deny east-west segmentation between production and development VPCs, but both must access a central logging VPC. Which hub route policy best enforces that separation?
- Use separate TGW attachment route tables with selectively propagated logging prefixes and no cross-environment routes
- Associate spokes with restrictive TGW route tables and propagate shared-services routes only where needed
- Add a destination CIDR route targeting the TGW attachment in the originating subnet route table
- Add a TGW attachment subnet in the required Availability Zone and verify associated VPC routes
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:TGW route-table association and propagation can prevent development and production attachment routes from being visible to one another while preserving explicitly permitted shared destinations.
Incorrect Answers
B:Distinct TGW route-table associations and selective propagation limit which attachment destinations each spoke can route to while retaining shared-service reachability; those conditions do not produce the required result: enforce network segmentation by TGW route domain.
C:TGW route tables act only after traffic enters the transit gateway; the source VPC route table must first select the transit gateway as next hop for the destination prefix; it changes a different aspect of the architecture rather than fulfilling the need to enforce network segmentation by TGW route domain.
D:TGW VPC attachment data-plane availability depends on enabled attachment AZs; a subnet without an attachment path cannot assume that another AZ's attachment automatically carries its traffic; the operational gap would remain because the question requires a way to enforce network segmentation by TGW route domain.
Question 968
A CloudFront application needs to allow downloads only to authenticated subscribers and cannot rely on obscuring S3 object URLs. Users request multiple related objects from the same restricted path. Which delivery control avoids signing every URL independently?
- Permit the CloudFront distribution principal the required KMS key usage through a suitably constrained key policy
- Use CloudFront signed cookies scoped to the relevant protected resources
- Switch to the S3 REST bucket origin and use CloudFront origin access control with a restrictive bucket policy
- Issue CloudFront signed URLs with per-request expiration and signature validation
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:Signed cookies let CloudFront authorize a viewer to access a set of protected files based on policy and signature, appropriate when a session fetches multiple related objects.
Incorrect Answers
A:OAC signs S3 origin requests, but SSE-KMS data access additionally requires KMS authorization; an S3 bucket policy alone cannot grant use of an otherwise denied key; those conditions do not produce the required result: authorize groups of CloudFront objects for one user.
C:S3 website endpoints are custom HTTP origins and do not support OAC; the regional REST endpoint can accept CloudFront-signed origin requests while public S3 access remains blocked; the operational gap would remain because the question requires a way to authorize groups of CloudFront objects for one user.
D:A signed URL cryptographically restricts access to a specific resource and validity interval; CloudFront evaluates the signature before serving protected content from its cache; it is not the action that directly makes the system authorize groups of CloudFront objects for one user.
Question 969
An organization needs all outbound requests to a small denylist of malicious domain names rejected at the VPC DNS layer; it does not need packet-content inspection. Which managed security feature fits?
- Configure Route 53 Resolver DNS Firewall domain lists and blocking rules on associated VPC rule groups
- Associate the domain-specific Route 53 Resolver forwarding rule with the workload VPC
- Enable Route 53 Resolver query logging for the application VPC
- Collect Route 53 Resolver query logs together with DNS Firewall rule-group activity where supported
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:DNS Firewall evaluates matching resolver queries and can block listed domains before clients learn the resolved endpoint address; it does not prevent clients from reaching known IPs directly.
Incorrect Answers
B:The rule association tells the VPC Resolver which suffix to forward via the outbound endpoint; endpoint creation alone does not redirect DNS requests for that domain; the operational gap would remain because the question requires a way to block forbidden DNS lookups at the resolver.
C:Resolver query logs capture DNS queries and responses processed by the associated VPC Resolver and can be sent to supported log destinations for analysis; it is not the action that directly makes the system block forbidden DNS lookups at the resolver.
D:Resolver query information can tie source, queried name, response and time to DNS security rule behavior, helping distinguish an actual blocked lookup from application DNS failures; that still would not establish the requested outcome: block forbidden DNS lookups at the resolver.
Question 970
An application team wants to deny Internet-originated requests to an internal ALB, but the proposed solution is to give its DNS name an obscure random prefix. Which network architecture change is materially effective?
- Use an internal load balancer in private subnets with no public ingress route
- Configure the AWS Load Balancer Controller ingress target type as ip
- Register the Lambda function as an ALB Lambda target
- Configure mutual TLS on an HTTPS listener of an Application Load Balancer
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:Internal ALBs expose private addresses reachable through approved networks; secrecy of a DNS label does not prevent access to a publicly routable load balancer.
Incorrect Answers
B:IP target mode registers Pod network addresses in the load balancer target group; instance target mode instead normally directs traffic through node-level ports; it is not the action that directly makes the system remove public reachability instead of hiding hostnames.
C:An Application Load Balancer can transform supported HTTP requests into Lambda events and return its response as HTTP without an EC2 or IP target listener; that still would not establish the requested outcome: remove public reachability instead of hiding hostnames.
D:ALB mutual authentication can verify client certificates for inbound HTTPS sessions while preserving the ability to apply application-layer listener rules; the scenario instead needs an action that will remove public reachability instead of hiding hostnames.