Question 950

A public service uses an ALB behind Global Accelerator. A regional endpoint's application health is degraded but its data-plane listener is still open. Which configuration improves traffic steering accuracy?

  1. Configure the target group's deregistration delay
  2. Attach multiple compatible certificates to the ALB listener's certificate list for SNI selection
  3. Select a supported ALB listener security policy that excludes disallowed legacy TLS protocols
  4. Ensure endpoint health checks reflect the application's readiness rather than mere port reachability

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Health-based routing is only as meaningful as the endpoint health signal; a basic open TCP listener can remain available while application dependencies fail.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The deregistration delay sets how long a deregistering target can continue draining existing requests before being fully removed from service; those conditions do not produce the required result: fail away from functionally unhealthy regions.

B:

Server Name Indication lets the load balancer choose the appropriate configured certificate for the requested hostname without requiring one public IP per certificate; it changes a different aspect of the architecture rather than fulfilling the need to fail away from functionally unhealthy regions.

C:

ALB security policies govern the protocols and ciphers accepted by its TLS listener; rotating the certificate alone does not disable old protocol versions; the operational gap would remain because the question requires a way to fail away from functionally unhealthy regions.

Question 951

A company receives unusually high hourly charges for interface endpoints in every subnet despite low API call volumes. Which design question should be evaluated first?

  1. Compare endpoint hourly and data-processing charges against actual traffic, AZ placement, and alternatives
  2. Add a DynamoDB gateway endpoint to the application subnet route tables
  3. Create an S3 gateway endpoint and associate the data subnet route tables
  4. Enable private DNS where supported and place endpoint ENIs in the active workload Availability Zones

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Interface endpoint costs depend on deployed endpoint-AZ hours and data processed; low-volume services may not justify duplicating each endpoint everywhere, subject to resilience constraints.

Incorrect Answers

B:

A gateway endpoint supports private DynamoDB routing without NAT gateway traversal for eligible VPC workloads; it does not grant IAM access by itself; the operational gap would remain because the question requires a way to right-size interface endpoint deployment costs.

C:

S3 gateway endpoints route supported S3 traffic privately without NAT processing charges and avoid sending those requests through the NAT gateway path; it is not the action that directly makes the system right-size interface endpoint deployment costs.

D:

Local AZ endpoints can reduce cross-AZ dependency for eligible callers while private DNS preserves normal service-hostname resolution; confirm the endpoint configuration and actual DNS resolution path; that still would not establish the requested outcome: right-size interface endpoint deployment costs.

Question 952

A stateful application serves clients across multiple Availability Zones but sends all target traffic to one AZ. During a failure in that AZ, load-balancer capacity is lost despite healthy targets elsewhere. Which reliability adjustment is warranted?

  1. Spread targets across the required AZs and verify compatible cross-zone forwarding and health configuration
  2. Add outbound endpoint IP addresses in subnets across at least two supported Availability Zones
  3. Deploy NAT gateways per active AZ and use same-AZ subnet routes
  4. Enable private DNS where supported and place endpoint ENIs in the active workload Availability Zones

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Multi-AZ resilience requires registered usable targets in multiple AZs and load-balancer forwarding behavior that can reach them during a localized failure.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Multiple subnet IPs in different AZs reduce dependence on a single AZ for DNS forwarding toward on-premises resolvers; redundant target resolvers should also be reachable; it is not the action that directly makes the system ensure regional load balancing survives an AZ loss.

C:

Matching each workload AZ to a local NAT gateway avoids forcing routine egress through another AZ and removes one AZ's gateway as a shared dependency, though gateway hourly costs increase; that still would not establish the requested outcome: ensure regional load balancing survives an AZ loss.

D:

Local AZ endpoints can reduce cross-AZ dependency for eligible callers while private DNS preserves normal service-hostname resolution; confirm the endpoint configuration and actual DNS resolution path; the scenario instead needs an action that will ensure regional load balancing survives an AZ loss.

Question 953

A small set of distributed clients sends millions of short-lived TCP connections to one private IP target, and source-port allocation is constrained through a NAT device. Which optimization targets the bottleneck?

  1. Deploy NAT gateways per active AZ and use same-AZ subnet routes
  2. Inspect NAT gateway connection and port-allocation metrics for the specific destination tuple
  3. Reuse application TCP connections or distribute destination tuples and NAT source addresses where feasible
  4. Clamp TCP MSS to a value compatible with the smallest encapsulated path MTU

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Reducing churn and spreading simultaneous destination flows can mitigate per-tuple ephemeral-port pressure; simply adding unrelated DNS records does not create more NAT port capacity.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Matching each workload AZ to a local NAT gateway avoids forcing routine egress through another AZ and removes one AZ's gateway as a shared dependency, though gateway hourly costs increase; it is not the action that directly makes the system reduce per-destination NAT connection-port pressure.

B:

Source port allocation is finite for each NAT gateway address and destination tuple; connection errors under concentrated load can occur before ordinary bandwidth limits are reached; that still would not establish the requested outcome: reduce per-destination NAT connection-port pressure.

D:

A successful handshake uses small packets; oversized encrypted data packets may be fragmented or dropped, so an appropriately sized MSS avoids black-hole behavior along the limiting hop; those conditions do not produce the required result: reduce per-destination NAT connection-port pressure.

Question 954

An internal application subnet must deny traffic from one known hostile /24 while allowing a broader corporate /16. Security groups already permit approved corporate traffic. Which subnet-level control can express the explicit deny?

  1. Permit DNS traffic on the outbound endpoint security group toward the corporate DNS targets
  2. Configure an ordered network ACL deny on the target subnet with matching destination and protocol scope
  3. Create the relevant interface VPC endpoints and constrain their endpoint security groups and policies
  4. Add a numbered DENY entry for the hostile /24 in the relevant network ACL before a broader ALLOW entry

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Network ACLs evaluate stateless rules in ascending number order and support explicit denies; security groups do not have deny rules. Both ingress and egress paths still need compatible NACL handling.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Resolver forwarding generates DNS queries from the endpoint ENIs; restrictive security-group egress and return-path routing can prevent a valid forwarding rule from delivering them; that still would not establish the requested outcome: deny one hostile range within a broader allowlist.

B:

A network ACL explicitly rejects matching stateless traffic before later broader allow entries; security groups can only grant permitted flows; the scenario instead needs an action that will deny one hostile range within a broader allowlist.

C:

Interface endpoints provide private addresses for supported service APIs, while endpoint security groups and policies can limit which clients and service actions are permitted; those conditions do not produce the required result: deny one hostile range within a broader allowlist.

Question 955

A multitenant ALB service must detect sustained bursts of HTTP requests from a single apparent client IP and automatically block further matching requests. What WAF rule type directly matches the threat?

  1. Add an AWS WAF rate-based rule with the intended aggregation key and block action
  2. Use AWS Firewall Manager with an appropriately scoped AWS WAF policy
  3. Enable AWS WAF request logging and inspect the recorded actions and matching rules
  4. Apply an AWS WAF managed or custom SQL injection match rule to the application's web ACL

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Rate-based rules count requests over a configurable evaluation window using the selected aggregation key and apply the configured action after the rate limit is exceeded.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Firewall Manager can apply and audit centrally defined security policies across eligible accounts and resources under AWS Organizations, reducing individual distribution policy drift; those conditions do not produce the required result: throttle individual abusive HTTP sources.

C:

WAF logs show per-request evaluated rule actions and relevant request attributes, supporting investigation beyond high-level web ACL metric counts; it changes a different aspect of the architecture rather than fulfilling the need to throttle individual abusive HTTP sources.

D:

WAF inspects supported HTTP request components and can block matching application-layer attack patterns before the request reaches the origin; the operational gap would remain because the question requires a way to throttle individual abusive HTTP sources.

Question 956

A CloudFront application needs common AWS WAF rules to protect every distribution in an organization. The security account wants centrally enforced policy rather than per-distribution manual changes. Which governance service should orchestrate this?

  1. Add an AWS WAF rate-based rule with the intended aggregation key and block action
  2. Enable AWS WAF request logging and inspect the recorded actions and matching rules
  3. Apply an AWS WAF managed or custom SQL injection match rule to the application's web ACL
  4. Use AWS Firewall Manager with an appropriately scoped AWS WAF policy

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Firewall Manager can apply and audit centrally defined security policies across eligible accounts and resources under AWS Organizations, reducing individual distribution policy drift.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Rate-based rules count requests over a configurable evaluation window using the selected aggregation key and apply the configured action after the rate limit is exceeded; those conditions do not produce the required result: centrally govern web ACL policies.

B:

WAF logs show per-request evaluated rule actions and relevant request attributes, supporting investigation beyond high-level web ACL metric counts; it changes a different aspect of the architecture rather than fulfilling the need to centrally govern web ACL policies.

C:

WAF inspects supported HTTP request components and can block matching application-layer attack patterns before the request reaches the origin; the operational gap would remain because the question requires a way to centrally govern web ACL policies.

Question 957

A bank's public HTTPS application needs to reject requests whose query string matches a known SQL injection pattern, while unrelated traffic should continue to reach the application. Which protection layer is most appropriate?

  1. Apply an AWS WAF managed or custom SQL injection match rule to the application's web ACL
  2. Add an AWS WAF rate-based rule with the intended aggregation key and block action
  3. Use AWS Firewall Manager with an appropriately scoped AWS WAF policy
  4. Enable AWS WAF request logging and inspect the recorded actions and matching rules

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

WAF inspects supported HTTP request components and can block matching application-layer attack patterns before the request reaches the origin.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Rate-based rules count requests over a configurable evaluation window using the selected aggregation key and apply the configured action after the rate limit is exceeded; the operational gap would remain because the question requires a way to inspect hostile HTTP query content.

C:

Firewall Manager can apply and audit centrally defined security policies across eligible accounts and resources under AWS Organizations, reducing individual distribution policy drift; it is not the action that directly makes the system inspect hostile HTTP query content.

D:

WAF logs show per-request evaluated rule actions and relevant request attributes, supporting investigation beyond high-level web ACL metric counts; that still would not establish the requested outcome: inspect hostile HTTP query content.

Question 958

A VPC fleet must prevent engineers from creating an internet gateway attachment in restricted organizational units even if their account IAM permissions otherwise allow it. Which organization-level control can establish that guardrail?

  1. Run VPC Reachability Analyzer between the source and destination path endpoints
  2. Search CloudTrail management events for the relevant EC2 gateway-attachment API call
  3. Attach an AWS Organizations service control policy denying the relevant EC2 internet gateway attachment actions
  4. Accept the shared Transit Gateway attachment request in the owner account

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

An SCP sets the maximum available permissions for affected principals in member accounts; it does not by itself grant permissions or modify existing route tables.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Reachability Analyzer models routing and security configuration to identify a blocking component; it is not a live probe that demonstrates application process health; the operational gap would remain because the question requires a way to restrict internet gateway attachment permissions across accounts.

B:

CloudTrail records management-plane API actions such as attachment changes, including caller and timestamp; flow logs cannot identify the actor who modified the control plane; it is not the action that directly makes the system restrict internet gateway attachment permissions across accounts.

D:

RAM sharing grants permission to request an attachment, but the TGW owner must accept pending attachment requests unless its attachment auto-acceptance setting handles them; the scenario instead needs an action that will restrict internet gateway attachment permissions across accounts.

Question 959

A highly regulated workload requires access to one S3 bucket through a gateway endpoint, but security requires an additional restriction against using that endpoint for other buckets. Which policy applies at the endpoint?

  1. Create an S3 gateway endpoint and associate the data subnet route tables
  2. Create its own supported S3 gateway endpoint and associate the appropriate route tables
  3. Enable private DNS where supported and place endpoint ENIs in the active workload Availability Zones
  4. Set the S3 gateway VPC endpoint policy to limit allowed bucket actions and resources

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Endpoint policies control what AWS service calls can be made through that endpoint; bucket and IAM policies remain independent layers that must also permit the operation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

S3 gateway endpoints route supported S3 traffic privately without NAT processing charges and avoid sending those requests through the NAT gateway path; it is not the action that directly makes the system constrain S3 resources reachable through one endpoint.

B:

Gateway endpoints are VPC-scoped routing targets and cannot be transited across peering; each participating VPC needs an eligible local endpoint or an alternate supported access pattern; that still would not establish the requested outcome: constrain S3 resources reachable through one endpoint.

C:

Local AZ endpoints can reduce cross-AZ dependency for eligible callers while private DNS preserves normal service-hostname resolution; confirm the endpoint configuration and actual DNS resolution path; the scenario instead needs an action that will constrain S3 resources reachable through one endpoint.

Question 960

A private application uses AWS PrivateLink and should accept connection requests only from specific customer AWS accounts. What provider-side configuration controls who can request a connection?

  1. Expose the service using AWS PrivateLink endpoint services and consumer interface endpoints
  2. Configure the target group's deregistration delay
  3. Approve the interface endpoint connection request in the endpoint service owner account
  4. Restrict endpoint-service allowed principals and require acceptance when appropriate

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Endpoint-service permissions control which principals can request interface endpoints, while connection acceptance lets the provider approve eligible consumers before traffic flows.

Incorrect Answers

A:

PrivateLink offers private service access through endpoints without requiring end-to-end routing between the producer and consumer VPC CIDR ranges; that still would not establish the requested outcome: restrict who may consume a published endpoint service.

B:

The deregistration delay sets how long a deregistering target can continue draining existing requests before being fully removed from service; the scenario instead needs an action that will restrict who may consume a published endpoint service.

C:

When acceptance is required, a service consumer's endpoint request is not usable until the provider accepts that specific connection; NLB health alone does not approve access; those conditions do not produce the required result: restrict who may consume a published endpoint service.

AWS Certified Advanced Networking - Specialty ANS-C01 Practice Tests