Question 700
A private application needs confidentiality of DNS queries to a trusted resolver across an untrusted network. What is the best next configuration decision?
- Use an appropriately supported encrypted DNS transport such as DNS-over-TLS or DNS-over-HTTPS in the client-resolver design
- Enable DNSSEC validation while retaining unencrypted UDP or TCP DNS queries
- Apply DNSSEC where supported on public authoritative zones and assess private resolver trust separately
- Enable Route 53 public hosted-zone DNSSEC signing and create the parent chain of trust
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:This configuration encrypts DNS transport between compatible participating endpoints; DNSSEC validation by itself cannot hide DNS names from observers, so it delivers private DNS query content in transit under the stated constraints.
Incorrect Answers
B:The proposed action verifies signed DNS data when the chain of trust is valid but sends client resolver queries in cleartext; DNSSEC does not encrypt transport and cannot conceal queried hostnames, supporting DNS data integrity without query confidentiality but leaving private DNS query content in transit unmet.
C:This approach respects differences between private DNS scope and public authoritative signing; assuming identical DNSSEC hosting features for all private zones can produce an unsupported configuration, which helps with correctly scoped DNS integrity controls instead of delivering private DNS query content in transit.
D:This alternative authenticates the origin and integrity of supported DNS records for validating resolvers; DNSSEC signs data but does not encrypt the DNS question or response contents, so it addresses DNSSEC-authenticated public DNS answers rather than the required private DNS query content in transit.
Question 701
A security architecture needs transparent horizontal scaling of third-party packet-inspection appliances across many workload VPCs. Which change is the most appropriate?
- Use Gateway Load Balancer with compatible virtual appliances
- Review GWLB flow stickiness and appliance affinity behavior
- Publish a GWLB-backed endpoint service and deploy Gateway Load Balancer endpoints in consumer VPCs
- Configure GWLB target group health checks against the appliances
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:With this choice, the selected action distributes GENEVE-encapsulated traffic to inline security appliances; workload routes must direct flows through Gateway Load Balancer endpoints, providing transparent appliance service insertion for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
B:Although this setting keeps matching traffic flows directed consistently to appliance targets, appliance fleets also need appropriate symmetric VPC routing to see both directions; this concerns stateful inspection flow continuity, not the specified transparent appliance service insertion.
C:The proposed action exposes transparent appliance traffic steering through the service and its consumer endpoints; interface endpoints for ordinary PrivateLink services do not provide the same GWLB traffic insertion model, supporting private consumption of centralized inline inspection but leaving transparent appliance service insertion unmet.
D:This approach removes failing appliance targets from the GWLB distribution pool; health checks cannot repair misconfigured workload route tables that bypass the endpoint, which helps with automatic exclusion of faulty inspection instances instead of delivering transparent appliance service insertion.
Question 702
An EFA workload has good CPU but unexpectedly poor message passing between nodes in different placements. Which action provides the required behavior?
- Check EFA supported instance, placement group and network prerequisites
- Investigate path MTU and adjust MSS clamping or packet size appropriately
- Check end-to-end VLAN, router, and host MTU compatibility
- Investigate packet loss, MTU, congestion, and host transport behavior
- Permit the relevant path MTU discovery ICMP feedback
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The approach validates low-latency ENA/EFA transport assumptions for clustered HPC; ordinary internet-facing ALB routing is not the EFA data path, directly enabling correct placement for low-latency inter-node traffic in this situation.
Incorrect Answers
B:This alternative limits TCP segment sizes to fit encapsulated network paths; increasing BGP timers will not repair fragmentation-related black holes, so it addresses avoidance of oversized packets across IPsec tunnels rather than the required correct placement for low-latency inter-node traffic.
C:Although this setting verifies every device on the traffic path can process the selected frame size, enabling jumbo MTU on only one interface can create size mismatches; this concerns valid large-frame transport across the hybrid link, not the specified correct placement for low-latency inter-node traffic.
D:The proposed action distinguishes allowed traffic from reliable end-to-end transport delivery; flow-log ACCEPT does not guarantee successful application-level transmission, supporting cause of retransmissions in an apparently allowed flow but leaving correct placement for low-latency inter-node traffic unmet.
E:This approach allows endpoints to learn a workable packet size along the route; blindly enabling jumbo frames on EC2 will not make every intervening hop support them, which helps with functioning PMTUD for end-to-end TCP traffic instead of delivering correct placement for low-latency inter-node traffic.
Question 703
Route 53 Resolver outbound endpoints have been deployed in two Availability Zones, but a rule that forwards corp.internal to on-premises DNS has only been created and not associated with any workload VPC. What is the missing activation step?
- Associate the Resolver forwarding rule with each intended workload VPC and verify network reachability to the DNS targets
- Add a public hosted zone for corp.internal so every EC2 instance queries internet resolvers
- Configure a DNS64-only route to the NAT gateway for all IPv4 DNS servers
- Turn on Route 53 geolocation routing for corp.internal
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:Forwarding rules affect the resolver path of VPCs with which they are associated. Merely creating an outbound endpoint and a rule does not cause an unrelated workload VPC to forward its queries to that endpoint.
Incorrect Answers
B:A public hosted zone exposes records through public authoritative DNS and does not automatically associate the intended Resolver forwarding rule with private VPC resolvers.
C:DNS64/NAT64 is an IPv6-to-IPv4 access pattern and does not associate Resolver rules with VPCs. It cannot activate a dormant private DNS forwarding configuration.
D:Geolocation routing selects DNS answers from authoritative record sets; it does not select the Resolver outbound endpoint for queries from workload VPCs.
Question 704
An organization runs a regional ALB and a separate global CloudFront distribution, both with custom HTTPS hostnames managed through ACM. Which certificate configurations are appropriate? Choose TWO.
- Configure ALB mutual TLS with an appropriate trust store
- Rely on imported third-party certificates in ACM to renew automatically without a replacement process
- Use TLS for application connections with suitable certificate validation
- Request and attach an AWS Certificate Manager public certificate to the HTTPS listener
- Use an eligible ACM certificate in us-east-1 for the CloudFront viewer TLS configuration
Explanation
Correct Answers
D:This component manages supported public certificates for integrated TLS termination; backend services may still need their own TLS settings if end-to-end encryption is required, contributing managed server identity for ALB client TLS to the combined requirement for managed server identity for ALB client TLS and valid CDN viewer certificate configuration.
E:This component meets CloudFront's certificate-region requirement for custom HTTPS domain names; an otherwise valid certificate in another Region may not be selectable for this distribution, contributing valid CDN viewer certificate configuration to the combined requirement for managed server identity for ALB client TLS and valid CDN viewer certificate configuration.
Incorrect Answers
A:Although this setting authenticates client certificate chains in addition to server-side TLS, a standard HTTPS listener without mTLS does not check a client's certificate identity; this concerns authenticated two-way TLS at application ingress, not the specified managed server identity for ALB client TLS and valid CDN viewer certificate configuration.
B:The proposed action stores imported third-party certificates for supported service integrations but does not issue or renew them; ACM-managed renewal applies to eligible ACM-issued certificates, not imported certificate material, supporting separately managed imported certificate lifecycle but leaving managed server identity for ALB client TLS and valid CDN viewer certificate configuration unmet.
C:This approach establishes end-to-end encrypted sessions between communicating application peers; plain TCP or GRE does not provide the required encryption semantics, which helps with confidentiality and server authentication across untrusted networks instead of delivering managed server identity for ALB client TLS and valid CDN viewer certificate configuration.
Question 705
A security vendor's stateful EC2 appliances must scale automatically while inspecting traffic from numerous customer VPCs. What should the network specialist configure?
- Correct the appliance health-check response and target-group settings
- Place compatible appliances behind Gateway Load Balancer and scale their target fleet
- Configure compatible GWLB flow stickiness and symmetric routing
- Enable TGW appliance mode for the firewall attachment
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:This configuration distributes encapsulated packets to healthy inline inspection instances; an HTTP ALB would proxy application requests rather than transparently steer packets, so it delivers elastic third-party firewall processing under the stated constraints.
Incorrect Answers
A:This alternative determines whether GWLB continues forwarding to an inspection target; merely scaling instance count will not fix health checks pointing to the wrong port, so it addresses healthy-appliance registration for transparent inspection rather than the required elastic third-party firewall processing.
C:The proposed action maintains consistent flow-to-appliance steering under the selected stickiness setting; different appliances cannot reliably share unreplicated per-flow state, supporting correct stateful session inspection across the appliance fleet but leaving elastic third-party firewall processing unmet.
D:This approach preserves compatible AZ selection for a flow passing through an inspection VPC; GWLB appliance health awareness does not automatically configure TGW AZ affinity, which helps with zone-consistent stateful traffic processing instead of delivering elastic third-party firewall processing.
Question 706
The compliance team must keep S3 traffic private without using NAT for access from a VPC. What should the network specialist configure?
- Place a NAT gateway in a public subnet and point worker routes to it
- Create an S3 gateway endpoint and associate the required VPC route tables
- Create the required interface VPC endpoints with private DNS enabled where supported
- Add an IPv4 default route to an attached internet gateway in the public subnet
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:With this choice, the selected action adds a private route target for supported S3 prefixes; the bucket and endpoint policies still govern authorization, providing private S3 access without an internet NAT path for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
A:This approach performs outbound IPv4 source translation for private subnets; NAT availability and AZ placement should be accounted for in production, which helps with private-instance outbound internet connectivity instead of delivering private S3 access without an internet NAT path.
C:Although this setting provides private endpoint ENIs for selected AWS APIs, required endpoints depend on the actual SSM features and network arrangement; this concerns private service API access from a VPC, not the specified private S3 access without an internet NAT path.
D:The proposed action provides the gateway next hop for public internet routes; public addressing and security rules are also required for the connection to succeed, supporting internet reachability for public-addressed EC2 instances but leaving private S3 access without an internet NAT path unmet.
Question 707
A data center has two valid BGP paths, but the engineer wants the customer router to use one for outgoing traffic. Which solution best addresses these network requirements?
- Change the router's local preference for routes learned on the preferred path
- Withdraw the old prefix and advertise the new address block from the customer router
- Inspect BGP prefix specificity and AWS route selection preferences before changing AS_PATH
- Compare BGP hold timers, device restarts, and control-plane reachability
- Compare route filters and permitted prefix advertisements on each BGP peer
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:With this choice, the selected action influences customer-side egress BGP selection; AWS-side inbound choices are not generally controlled by customer local preference, providing intentional outbound hybrid path preference for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
B:This approach updates the dynamic routing control plane to match address ownership; obsolete announcements can create traffic black holes after a migration, which helps with correct routes after on-premises renumbering instead of delivering intentional outbound hybrid path preference.
C:This alternative evaluates longest-prefix matches and platform path priorities as part of route choice; a shorter AS_PATH does not override all route-selection rules, so it addresses explaining unexpected preferred hybrid routes rather than the required intentional outbound hybrid path preference.
D:Although this setting diagnoses session stability independently of physical interface counters, a clean optical link does not prove routing control-plane stability; this concerns root cause of intermittent BGP adjacency loss, not the specified intentional outbound hybrid path preference.
E:The proposed action identifies asymmetric route learning or advertisement policy; a healthy BGP session may advertise only a subset of the needed networks, supporting consistent hybrid reachability over redundant peers but leaving intentional outbound hybrid path preference unmet.
Question 708
A customer-facing domain needs authoritative records resolvable by arbitrary recursive resolvers on the internet. What is the best next configuration decision?
- Maintain separate public and private hosted zones with the same name
- Enable the VPC attributes for DNS support and DNS hostnames as required
- Create a Route 53 public hosted zone and delegate the registered domain
- Create a Route 53 private hosted zone and associate both VPCs
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:With this choice, the selected action publishes DNS records via Route 53's publicly reachable authoritative nameservers; creation of a hosted zone alone does not update the registrar's delegation, providing public authoritative DNS hosting for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
A:Although this setting applies split-view name resolution based on whether the querying VPC is associated with the private zone, VPC resolver selection must be considered when names are absent in the private zone; this concerns distinct internal and internet DNS views, not the specified public authoritative DNS hosting.
B:The proposed action makes the Amazon-provided resolver and AWS DNS hostname behavior available within the VPC; DHCP DNS server settings also must direct clients toward a resolver that can answer these zones, supporting normal private hosted zone resolution through VPC DNS but leaving public authoritative DNS hosting unmet.
D:This alternative exposes private DNS records through VPC resolver behavior only for associated networks; a public zone could expose the record data through internet-accessible authoritative servers, so it addresses VPC-scoped private name resolution rather than the required public authoritative DNS hosting.
Question 709
A CDN serves one host for five independent applications whose object paths must use different backend origins. How should this network requirement be implemented?
- Apply CloudFront geographic restrictions to the distribution
- Attach a CloudFront Function to the appropriate viewer event
- Create path-pattern cache behaviors with dedicated origin assignments
- Use Lambda@Edge for the supported CloudFront trigger
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:The approach matches requests to ordered cache behaviors and sends them to their selected origins; behavior ordering matters when path patterns overlap, directly enabling routing CDN paths to separate application backends in this situation.
Incorrect Answers
A:This alternative restricts viewer requests using country-level geographic information at the edge; the control is geographic rather than a substitute for identity-aware authorization, so it addresses country-based CDN access enforcement rather than the required routing CDN paths to separate application backends.
B:Although this setting runs lightweight JavaScript logic at CloudFront edge locations for supported viewer events, the function cannot make network requests or perform heavyweight origin-facing operations; this concerns inexpensive edge URI normalization, not the specified routing CDN paths to separate application backends.
D:This approach runs richer request or response logic at regional edge locations with supported network operations; supported events and runtime restrictions must be checked before selecting the integration, which helps with edge logic requiring capabilities beyond CloudFront Functions instead of delivering routing CDN paths to separate application backends.
Question 710
An application moves sizable data between Availability Zones through a centralized inspection chain. What is the best next configuration decision?
- Review inter-AZ transfer and inspection path costs against required security architecture
- Route eligible S3 access through an S3 gateway endpoint
- Cache eligible content with CloudFront at edge locations
- Evaluate Direct Connect throughput, port hours and data transfer pricing
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The approach accounts for cross-AZ traffic and intermediate service processing; skipping mandatory inspection solely to reduce charges may violate security requirements, directly enabling cost-aware east-west inspection design in this situation.
Incorrect Answers
B:This approach bypasses the NAT for supported service destinations; endpoint and bucket policies must still permit the operation, which helps with lower-cost private S3 traffic path instead of delivering cost-aware east-west inspection design.
C:This alternative reduces repeated origin fetches by serving cached content near viewers; CloudFront pricing and cache hit ratio must still be measured for the workload, so it addresses lower repeated long-haul object transfer rather than the required cost-aware east-west inspection design.
D:Although this setting trades fixed connection cost against network variability and transfer economics, private circuits are not automatically cheaper for low traffic levels; this concerns measured bulk hybrid connectivity cost, not the specified cost-aware east-west inspection design.