Question 660
An application account can launch its own EC2 instances into a subnet shared by a central VPC owner, but attempts to edit the subnet's route table fail. Which statement best explains the account boundary?
- A participant account must create a Transit Gateway before it can edit a shared subnet's route table
- The VPC owner manages shared subnet routing and network infrastructure, while participants manage their own permitted workload resources
- AWS RAM grants the participant full administrative ownership of every VPC resource in the shared subnet
- Each participant receives a separate independently editable copy of the same subnet route table
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:In VPC subnet sharing, the owner retains management of subnets, route tables, network ACLs, and other shared network infrastructure. A participant can manage its own supported resources, such as EC2 instances and security groups, but cannot modify the owner's routes.
Incorrect Answers
A:A Transit Gateway provides network connectivity between attachments and does not transfer control of a shared VPC's route tables. The participant's permission boundary is defined by VPC sharing, not the presence of a transit gateway.
C:AWS RAM permits eligible participants to consume shared subnets; it does not make them co-owners of their route tables. The central account remains responsible for VPC routing decisions and subnet network controls.
D:A shared subnet has the owner's actual subnet route-table association, not a different route table for every consuming account. Separate copies would not explain the centralized network behavior of VPC sharing.
Question 661
A newly connected data center must query an AWS private zone, and its cloud VPC must forward corporate DNS suffixes back to on premises. Which DNS actions create the two directions of query flow? Choose TWO.
- Permit UDP 53 as well as required TCP DNS between resolvers
- Share the forwarding rule through RAM and associate each participating VPC
- Configure a conditional forwarder to Route 53 Resolver inbound endpoint IPs
- Add a Resolver forwarding rule targeting on-prem DNS through an outbound endpoint
- Associate the private hosted zone with the new VPC
Explanation
Correct Answers
C:This component sends matching on-premises questions into AWS private DNS resolver capacity; recursively querying public DNS cannot discover private hosted-zone records, contributing selective on-premises-to-VPC DNS forwarding to the combined requirement for selective on-premises-to-VPC DNS forwarding and cloud-to-corporate DNS integration.
D:This component sends matching corporate DNS questions to the designated corporate resolvers; the subnet network path to the on-prem resolver must carry UDP and TCP DNS as applicable, contributing cloud-to-corporate DNS integration to the combined requirement for selective on-premises-to-VPC DNS forwarding and cloud-to-corporate DNS integration.
Incorrect Answers
A:Although this setting allows the standard transport used by most ordinary recursive DNS exchanges, TCP-only access can leave typical UDP-based DNS questions unanswered; this concerns complete supported DNS transport for the hybrid path, not the specified selective on-premises-to-VPC DNS forwarding and cloud-to-corporate DNS integration.
B:The proposed action extends the centralized forwarding configuration to the intended workload networks; creating one endpoint does not automatically configure other VPC resolvers, supporting consistent multi-account corporate DNS routing but leaving selective on-premises-to-VPC DNS forwarding and cloud-to-corporate DNS integration unmet.
E:Although this setting grants the VPC resolver visibility into the zone's private records, transit data-plane reachability does not automatically create hosted-zone association; this concerns private-zone name resolution in the newly attached VPC, not the specified selective on-premises-to-VPC DNS forwarding and cloud-to-corporate DNS integration.
Question 662
A registrar points at the wrong Route 53 name servers after a public hosted-zone recreation. What is the most suitable design or configuration?
- Update the private hosted zone's record set to the new reachable target
- Enable DNSSEC signing with a supported KMS key and publish the DS at the parent
- Use a Route 53 alias A/AAAA record as appropriate to the distribution
- Replace the domain registration's NS delegation with the new hosted-zone set
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:With this choice, the selected action aligns the parent delegation with the active Route 53 nameservers; simply updating an A record cannot fix a stale delegation at the registrar, providing restored public DNS authority after zone recreation for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
A:This alternative refreshes the authoritative internal DNS answer for associated VPCs; DNS TTL propagation must be considered when assessing when clients observe changes, so it addresses correct private service address after migration rather than the required restored public DNS authority after zone recreation.
B:Although this setting signs the zone and connects the chain of trust to its delegation, both key configuration and parent DS publication matter for validators; this concerns cryptographically verifiable authoritative public DNS, not the specified restored public DNS authority after zone recreation.
C:The proposed action maps apex names to supported AWS resources without an apex CNAME; ordinary CNAME records are restricted at a zone apex, supporting valid apex routing to CloudFront but leaving restored public DNS authority after zone recreation unmet.
Question 663
A public zone transfer to a new DNS provider is complete, but recursive clients continue using old nameservers. Which AWS networking approach meets this constraint?
- Register the domain with Route 53 Domains and configure delegation
- Update authoritative NS delegation at the domain's registrar
- Publish the appropriate DS record at the parent registrar or registry
- Enable DNSSEC signing for the Route 53 public hosted zone
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:With this choice, the selected action changes which nameservers the parent zone delegates authority to; publishing new NS records inside the destination child zone alone may not update the parent delegation, providing authoritative DNS migration at the delegation layer for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed action acquires the domain registration and points it at the chosen DNS authority; hosting records is separate from owning the registration for the name, supporting registrar ownership plus hosted-zone delegation but leaving authoritative DNS migration at the delegation layer unmet.
C:This alternative links the parent delegation cryptographically to the child zone's signing keys; adding a TXT record does not substitute for a delegation signer record, so it addresses an established DNSSEC chain of trust rather than the required authoritative DNS migration at the delegation layer.
D:Although this setting signs supported public DNS records with cryptographic keys, validation also requires a correct chain of trust from the parent domain; this concerns authenticity validation of authoritative DNS data, not the specified authoritative DNS migration at the delegation layer.
Question 664
An enterprise requires a managed AWS layer-four-through-layer-seven traffic inspection service in a dedicated VPC. How should this network requirement be implemented?
- Deploy AWS Network Firewall endpoints and steer subnet routes through them
- Insert the inspection attachment into TGW route tables and return subnet routes
- Deploy Gateway Load Balancer and endpoint service routing
- Correct the return route so both sides use the same stateful inspection chain
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:With this choice, the selected action inspects stateful traffic according to configured rule groups; endpoint deployment alone does not redirect workload routing, providing managed policy-based network filtering at a central hop for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
B:The proposed action makes the central appliance a required hop for both directions of permitted flows; an attached firewall without appropriate transit route steering sees no packets, supporting routed inline inspection between spokes but leaving managed policy-based network filtering at a central hop unmet.
C:This approach supplies GENEVE-based traffic distribution to supported appliances; a conventional NLB does not implement the same service-insertion endpoint path, which helps with scaled transparent inspection with third-party devices instead of delivering managed policy-based network filtering at a central hop.
D:This alternative ensures state tracking sees both directions of the session; policy correctness alone cannot repair asymmetric data-plane forwarding, so it addresses symmetric routed firewall traversal rather than the required managed policy-based network filtering at a central hop.
Question 665
The network team cannot determine which transit gateway and VPN attachments link three branches to different Regions. Which solution best addresses these network requirements?
- Use Transit Gateway Route Analyzer where supported
- Use Network Manager monitoring with relevant CloudWatch-backed metrics
- Use AWS Network Manager topology views for registered global networks
- Verify Network Manager site and device associations
- Separate topology registration from actual network route configuration
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:With this choice, the selected action displays managed global network resources and connections; a single VPC subnet route list lacks the global context, providing visibility into multi-Region WAN attachment relationships for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
A:This alternative evaluates a modeled routing path through transit gateway route tables; a general health-check probe does not describe transit route resolution, so it addresses transit-layer path assessment between attachments rather than the required visibility into multi-Region WAN attachment relationships.
B:Although this setting aggregates WAN and AWS network telemetry across managed connections, individual interface packet captures do not provide a persistent WAN health overview; this concerns consolidated operational status for global links, not the specified visibility into multi-Region WAN attachment relationships.
D:This approach aligns registered branch inventory with its logical connectivity metadata; CloudFront access logs cannot discover WAN site registration gaps, which helps with accurate branch-to-transit topology inventory instead of delivering visibility into multi-Region WAN attachment relationships.
E:This alternative distinguishes management inventory from data-plane forwarding; adding a device to a topology map does not establish TGW or VPC routes, so it addresses correct operations model for managed network topology rather than the required visibility into multi-Region WAN attachment relationships.
Question 666
A new CDK network construct repeats shared subnet and security-group patterns across many applications. Which option should the architect select?
- Build reusable AWS CDK constructs with context-specific parameters
- Pass VPC identifiers through parameters or trusted lookup mechanisms
- Define reusable AWS CloudFormation networking templates and parameters
- Review a CloudFormation change set before execution
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:This configuration synthesizes infrastructure definitions from code for consistent deployments; hardcoded account-specific IDs weaken portability, so it delivers programmatic reuse of network infrastructure components under the stated constraints.
Incorrect Answers
B:This alternative decouples network deployment definitions from fixed environment-specific identifiers; blindly copying IDs from one Region can reference nonexistent resources, so it addresses portable networking configuration across accounts rather than the required programmatic reuse of network infrastructure components.
C:Although this setting deploys VPC, subnet, routing and related resources as declarative stacks, console-only manual changes increase configuration drift and inconsistency; this concerns reproducible multi-account network construction, not the specified programmatic reuse of network infrastructure components.
D:The proposed action previews planned stack mutations and replacement behavior; an immediate update hides the proposed resource transition until it is underway, supporting controlled network infrastructure change review but leaving programmatic reuse of network infrastructure components unmet.
Question 667
A network team maintains approved corporate IPv4 CIDR ranges used as sources in many security-group ingress rules. Those ranges change monthly, and all dependent security groups must pick up the approved changes without editing each rule. What should the team use?
- Create a customer-managed VPC prefix list, reference it in eligible security-group rules, and maintain its entries within quota limits
- Copy every individual office CIDR into each security group and update each group manually whenever it changes
- Use the AWS-managed S3 prefix list and add corporate source addresses to it
- Create a Route 53 private hosted zone whose records automatically become security-group source CIDRs
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:Customer-managed prefix lists hold reusable CIDR entries that security-group rules can reference. Updating a prefix list produces a new version consumed by the references; the maximum entries must still fit the relevant security-group rule quota.
Incorrect Answers
B:Individual rules can technically restrict each source range, but they create many independent policy copies. That does not satisfy the requirement to update a centralized approved address set once.
C:AWS-managed prefix lists represent AWS-defined service address ranges and cannot be edited by customers. An S3 service range is not a substitute for the company's trusted office-source list.
D:Private hosted zones publish DNS records and control name resolution within associated VPCs. Security-group source rules use CIDRs, security-group references, or supported prefix lists, not automatic DNS-to-source authorization.
Question 668
A regulated platform already collects VPC Flow Logs. It must now archive them in a protected, retention-controlled central store and include original packet addresses for investigations involving translated paths. Which additional logging changes meet the requirements? Choose TWO.
- Turn on VPC Flow Logs at the database ENI and retain ACCEPT/REJECT records
- Deliver VPC Flow Logs to a protected central S3 destination with retention controls
- Account for Flow Logs exclusions, aggregation intervals, and collection limitations
- Use Athena over a suitable Flow Logs dataset and aggregate by IP fields
- Add supported pkt-srcaddr and pkt-dstaddr fields to the Flow Logs format
Explanation
Correct Answers
B:This component archives flow records for long-term cross-account audit; local instance disks are not a reliable organization-wide log store, contributing durable governed network activity evidence to the combined requirement for durable governed network activity evidence and better attribution of original communicating IP endpoints.
E:This component exposes packet-origin addressing distinct from some observation-interface values; the default field set may not capture the original addresses needed for this question, contributing better attribution of original communicating IP endpoints to the combined requirement for durable governed network activity evidence and better attribution of original communicating IP endpoints.
Incorrect Answers
A:Although this setting records packet-flow metadata and network allow or reject disposition, application database logs will not see packets denied before arrival; this concerns forensic visibility into database connection attempts, not the specified durable governed network activity evidence and better attribution of original communicating IP endpoints.
C:This approach treats absence of flow metadata as incomplete evidence rather than certainty; not all AWS-reserved traffic is recorded like an ordinary ENI flow, which helps with defensible interpretation of VPC flow record gaps instead of delivering durable governed network activity evidence and better attribution of original communicating IP endpoints.
D:This alternative supports SQL analysis of archived network records; CloudTrail does not provide per-connection byte counts for data-plane network flows, so it addresses historical large-scale flow anomaly investigation rather than the required durable governed network activity evidence and better attribution of original communicating IP endpoints.
Question 669
A TGW peer connection across two Regions reports pending acceptance and no data traffic crosses it. Which option should the architect select?
- Add a static route to the peering attachment in the local TGW table
- Maintain independent route-table configuration on both peered TGWs
- Evaluate AWS Cloud WAN core network attachments and network policies
- Accept the peering attachment in the receiving Region or account
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:This configuration completes the cross-gateway attachment approval workflow; adding routes cannot activate an unaccepted connection, so it delivers an active regional transit peer attachment under the stated constraints.
Incorrect Answers
A:This alternative forwards the destination CIDR toward the peer transit gateway; TGW peering does not propagate remote VPC prefixes automatically, so it addresses local transit routing to a peered Region rather than the required an active regional transit peer attachment.
B:Although this setting applies separate regional routing decisions on each side of the peering, peering does not merge or synchronize transit route tables; this concerns deliberate cross-Region reachability policy, not the specified an active regional transit peer attachment.
C:The proposed action supplies global segment governance beyond manually peered transit gateways; Cloud WAN migration still requires explicit attachment planning and route-domain design, supporting scalable centrally policy-controlled multi-Region transit but leaving an active regional transit peer attachment unmet.
Question 670
A dedicated circuit is used to reach a public AWS endpoint but the router advertises only RFC1918 routes on a public VIF. Which change is the most appropriate?
- Configure allowed prefixes on the Direct Connect gateway association
- Configure the customer BGP peer ASN, peering addresses, VLAN, and session settings correctly
- Configure the public VIF with appropriate publicly routable prefixes and BGP requirements
- Use different BGP ASNs for the TGW and the Direct Connect gateway
- Provision a transit VIF connected to a Direct Connect gateway
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:This configuration exchanges AWS public endpoint reachability over the public peering session; public peering has separate addressing and advertisement rules from private VIF routing, so it delivers valid public VIF route advertisements under the stated constraints.
Incorrect Answers
A:This approach controls the AWS-side prefixes permitted for advertisement toward on-premises peers; TGW route tables still control packet forwarding independently of allowed prefix lists, which helps with controlled hybrid prefix advertisement instead of delivering valid public VIF route advertisements.
B:This alternative establishes the BGP adjacency required to exchange reachable private prefixes; a physical up state does not establish BGP neighbors automatically, so it addresses active layer-three routing across the private VIF rather than the required valid public VIF route advertisements.
D:The proposed action satisfies the distinct-ASN requirement of the TGW-DX gateway association; changing a VPC route table will not repair an ASN association conflict, supporting valid DX gateway-to-transit gateway association but leaving valid public VIF route advertisements unmet.
E:This approach provides the VIF type supported for DX gateway-to-TGW route exchange; the transit VIF and TGW-DX gateway association form the supported attachment path, which helps with correct interface type for transit gateway connectivity instead of delivering valid public VIF route advertisements.