Question 640
An IPv6-only client must resolve the IPv6 address of a dual-stack web endpoint. What is the most suitable design or configuration?
- Configure the appropriate PTR resource record under the reverse DNS namespace
- Publish an AAAA record for the IPv6 address
- Add a CNAME at a non-apex owner name
- Create the vendor-specified TXT record
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:With this choice, the selected action encodes an IPv6 host address in authoritative DNS; an A record alone advertises IPv4 addresses and cannot supply a literal IPv6 address, providing IPv6 address discovery for clients for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
A:This alternative maps a reverse-address DNS name back to a host name; ordinary A records map forward from host names to IPv4 addresses instead, so it addresses IP-to-name reverse DNS lookup rather than the required IPv6 address discovery for clients.
C:The proposed action makes a DNS name an alias of a canonical host name during recursive resolution; a CNAME cannot normally coexist with other record types at the same owner name, supporting hostname-to-hostname aliasing for a subdomain but leaving IPv6 address discovery for clients unmet.
D:This approach stores arbitrary DNS text values frequently used for verification and email security; changing NS delegation is unnecessary for a simple text token challenge, which helps with domain-ownership proof through DNS text instead of delivering IPv6 address discovery for clients.
Question 641
A fleet of internal services uses private hostnames and needs centrally issued certificates that public CAs will not issue. Which action directly resolves the stated problem?
- Revoke the affected private CA certificate and publish supported revocation information
- Define AWS Private CA subordinate CA and issuance controls
- Distribute the private CA trust anchor to intended client trust stores
- Use AWS Private CA with an appropriate internal certificate lifecycle
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:With this choice, the selected action issues certificates chained to an organization-controlled private trust anchor; public browser trust is not automatic for a private root CA, providing private PKI identities for internal endpoints for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
A:This approach tells relying parties that the compromised certificate should no longer be trusted; merely removing the certificate from one server does not invalidate all copies, which helps with controlled PKI response to exposed keys instead of delivering private PKI identities for internal endpoints.
B:This alternative delegates private certificate issuance within a governed PKI hierarchy; a single unrestricted public certificate issuance workflow cannot enforce internal machine identity policy, so it addresses controlled workload certificate identities rather than the required private PKI identities for internal endpoints.
C:Although this setting establishes certificate-chain trust for privately issued endpoint certificates, server-side certificate installation alone does not make clients trust a private issuer; this concerns accepted private-service TLS validation, not the specified private PKI identities for internal endpoints.
Question 642
Two circuits terminate on the same customer router and carrier even though the AWS endpoints differ; leadership demands lower shared-failure risk. What is the most suitable design or configuration?
- Use diverse customer routers and independent connectivity paths where possible
- Design supported equal-cost multipath routing on the relevant transit service
- Add a Site-to-Site VPN backup and configure appropriate route preference
- Use redundant Direct Connect connections across multiple DX locations
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:This configuration removes common failure dependencies from hybrid physical connectivity; multiplying logical VIFs on one router does not fix that router's failure domain, so it delivers physically independent Direct Connect resilience under the stated constraints.
Incorrect Answers
B:The proposed action allows eligible equal-cost routes to share traffic over supported attachments; per-flow distribution is not the same as packet-by-packet balancing, supporting bandwidth sharing among equivalent hybrid paths but leaving physically independent Direct Connect resilience unmet.
C:This approach offers IPsec-based alternate connectivity to the customer gateway; BGP policies must prefer the primary connection until failover is needed, which helps with encrypted hybrid failover beyond the dedicated circuit instead of delivering physically independent Direct Connect resilience.
D:This alternative diversifies the physical entry facilities used for private connectivity; multiple ports only within one facility leave location-wide incidents correlated, so it addresses resilience against a Direct Connect location outage rather than the required physically independent Direct Connect resilience.
Question 643
An e-commerce company wants its clients to resolve different regional service records according to their continent, without an application proxy. Which action directly resolves the stated problem?
- Configure an Application Load Balancer with path-based rules
- Deploy AWS Global Accelerator with regional endpoints
- Configure Route 53 geolocation routing for the public records
- Put Amazon CloudFront in front of the origin with cacheable behaviors
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:The approach chooses a DNS response using the location of a query's source resolver or supported EDNS client-subnet information; a default geolocation record should handle requests whose location cannot be matched, directly enabling continent-specific DNS answer selection in this situation.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed action evaluates HTTP request attributes at layer 7 and forwards matching requests to distinct target groups; listener priorities decide which matching rule takes precedence, supporting path-specific application traffic steering but leaving continent-specific DNS answer selection unmet.
B:This approach advertises static anycast IP addresses and routes supported traffic through the AWS global network; DNS caching at client networks will not delay a shift away from an unhealthy accelerator endpoint, which helps with stable ingress IPs and rapid regional routing instead of delivering continent-specific DNS answer selection.
D:Although this setting caches eligible HTTP objects near viewers and fetches the origin mainly on misses or revalidation, a cache policy can exclude unnecessary cookies and query strings from the cache key; this concerns edge caching that lowers origin load, not the specified continent-specific DNS answer selection.
Question 644
A cloud application needs to register an unused internet domain and keep DNS records under Route 53. What is the best next configuration decision?
- Register the domain with Route 53 Domains and configure delegation
- Enable DNSSEC signing for the Route 53 public hosted zone
- Publish the appropriate DS record at the parent registrar or registry
- Update authoritative NS delegation at the domain's registrar
- Verify DNSKEY and parent DS coordination during the rollover
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:With this choice, the selected action acquires the domain registration and points it at the chosen DNS authority; hosting records is separate from owning the registration for the name, providing registrar ownership plus hosted-zone delegation for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
B:The proposed action signs supported public DNS records with cryptographic keys; validation also requires a correct chain of trust from the parent domain, supporting authenticity validation of authoritative DNS data but leaving registrar ownership plus hosted-zone delegation unmet.
C:This approach links the parent delegation cryptographically to the child zone's signing keys; adding a TXT record does not substitute for a delegation signer record, which helps with an established DNSSEC chain of trust instead of delivering registrar ownership plus hosted-zone delegation.
D:This alternative changes which nameservers the parent zone delegates authority to; publishing new NS records inside the destination child zone alone may not update the parent delegation, so it addresses authoritative DNS migration at the delegation layer rather than the required registrar ownership plus hosted-zone delegation.
E:Although this setting maintains the matching signing and delegation records expected by DNSSEC validators, unsigned resolvers can mask broken delegation-signer relationships; this concerns uninterrupted DNSSEC chain validity across key changes, not the specified registrar ownership plus hosted-zone delegation.
Question 645
An application attachment needs to use its production routing policy instead of the default TGW table. What is the best next configuration decision?
- Add a more specific TGW blackhole route for the denied destination
- Associate the TGW attachment with the dedicated production transit route table
- Enable propagation of the shared-services attachment into the required tables
- Add the remote CIDR route with the transit gateway as the destination target
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:This configuration selects the table evaluated when traffic arrives from that attachment; route propagation and table association are different controls, so it delivers correct ingress routing domain for the attachment under the stated constraints.
Incorrect Answers
A:This alternative rejects matches rather than forwarding them to an attachment; destination longest-prefix matching still determines which route applies, so it addresses explicit dropped traffic for disallowed prefixes rather than the required correct ingress routing domain for the attachment.
C:The proposed action installs eligible VPC CIDRs as propagated gateway routes; propagation does not force the source attachment to associate with multiple tables, supporting shared-services destination discovery across permitted transit segments but leaving correct ingress routing domain for the attachment unmet.
D:This approach directs matching VPC packets from the subnet toward TGW; the TGW's own table also needs the appropriate destination routes, which helps with packet forwarding from a workload VPC to TGW instead of delivering correct ingress routing domain for the attachment.
Question 646
A team needs to count AWS-reserved addresses when sizing a /27 IPv4 subnet. Which option should the architect select?
- Route IPv6 default traffic to an egress-only internet gateway
- Add capacity in additional suitable subnets or create expanded address ranges
- Route IPv4 internet-bound traffic through a NAT gateway in a public subnet
- Subtract the five AWS-reserved IPv4 addresses from the subnet capacity
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:This configuration accounts for network, router, DNS, reserved, and broadcast-address slots; treating every mathematical IPv4 address in the CIDR as assignable overstates capacity, so it delivers accurate usable private IPv4 capacity planning under the stated constraints.
Incorrect Answers
A:This approach permits initiated outbound IPv6 flows while blocking new internet-originated flows; ordinary NAT gateways are chiefly an IPv4 translation pattern, which helps with outbound-only IPv6 connectivity instead of delivering accurate usable private IPv4 capacity planning.
B:This alternative provides more allocatable IP addresses for new workload interfaces; increasing desired capacity without available addresses cannot place instances, so it addresses available subnet addressing for scale-out rather than the required accurate usable private IPv4 capacity planning.
C:Although this setting provides source-translated outbound IPv4 access for private workloads, a route to an internet gateway alone does not make a private-addressed instance publicly reachable; this concerns outbound-only IPv4 internet access for private instances, not the specified accurate usable private IPv4 capacity planning.
Question 647
A VPC attachment has been moved to a production TGW route table and lost access to shared services. The engineer must identify its new ingress table and restore missing destination routes. Which operations are relevant? Choose TWO.
- Remove or correct the matching blackhole route after policy approval
- Inspect return subnet routes and appliance attachment mode
- Inspect the attachment's associated TGW table and its destination routes
- Add explicit static routes to the peering attachment on both relevant TGW tables
- Reconfigure required attachment propagations or static entries in the new table
Explanation
Correct Answers
C:This component evaluates which route table is consulted when traffic enters the hub; changing propagation in an unrelated table would not repair this ingress lookup, contributing missing transit route at the source attachment's policy table to the combined requirement for missing transit route at the source attachment's policy table and route visibility after transit segmentation changes.
E:This component restores eligible network destinations to the table used by the moved attachment; association selects a table, but does not populate every needed route, contributing route visibility after transit segmentation changes to the combined requirement for missing transit route at the source attachment's policy table and route visibility after transit segmentation changes.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed action removes the more-specific discard condition for the selected CIDR; traffic matching a more-specific blackhole will not use the broader forwarding entry, supporting restoration of traffic previously denied by TGW but leaving missing transit route at the source attachment's policy table and route visibility after transit segmentation changes unmet.
B:This approach identifies asymmetric forwarding or zone placement for stateful traffic; disabling firewall rules would hide the routing fault instead of fixing it, which helps with symmetric transit flow through the appliance instead of delivering missing transit route at the source attachment's policy table and route visibility after transit segmentation changes.
D:Although this setting supplies the route entries that peering does not propagate dynamically, propagation controls for VPC attachments cannot announce routes over TGW peering; this concerns usable inter-Region transit routes, not the specified missing transit route at the source attachment's policy table and route visibility after transit segmentation changes.
Question 648
A diagnostic script needs to prove that a particular prefix has the expected route-table target after deployment. Which option should the architect select?
- Use AWS SDK or CLI Describe and List APIs with assumed account roles
- Query the relevant route tables through EC2 or Transit Gateway APIs
- Make the resource automation idempotent with discovery before create operations
- Ensure CloudTrail management events are recorded and retained
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:This configuration retrieves configured route entries for a testable deployment assertion; a ping test cannot reliably expose which route entry matched, so it delivers machine-checkable routing-state verification under the stated constraints.
Incorrect Answers
A:Although this setting queries networking resource metadata through authorized API calls, console screenshots are not structured or repeatable inventory feeds; this concerns automated cross-account network inventory, not the specified machine-checkable routing-state verification.
C:This approach reconciles desired configuration without repeatedly creating duplicate resources; blind create calls can generate unnecessary objects on retries, which helps with repeatable safe network API automation instead of delivering machine-checkable routing-state verification.
D:This alternative audits API activity that mutates control-plane network configurations; VPC Flow Logs capture traffic metadata rather than who invoked the route API, so it addresses attribution of networking configuration changes rather than the required machine-checkable routing-state verification.
Question 649
An organization must offer a private API to customer VPCs with overlapping address ranges, and separately let application accounts deploy instances into centrally owned subnets. Which provider-side organizational capabilities meet those requirements? Choose TWO.
- Publish the service through AWS PrivateLink
- Connect the VPCs to an AWS Transit Gateway with segmented route tables
- Use an interface VPC endpoint to consume an already published third-party PrivateLink service
- Share selected VPC subnets using AWS RAM
- Establish a VPC peering connection and add reciprocal routes
Explanation
Correct Answers
A:This component creates service-specific private endpoint connectivity without general VPC peering; supported endpoint types and service setup still need to be configured, contributing private application exposure across overlapping network ranges to the combined requirement for private application exposure across overlapping network ranges and multi-account shared-VPC subnet administration.
D:This component lets participant accounts create permitted resources in centrally owned shared subnets; participants do not receive ownership of core VPC network constructs, contributing multi-account shared-VPC subnet administration to the combined requirement for private application exposure across overlapping network ranges and multi-account shared-VPC subnet administration.
Incorrect Answers
B:Although this setting provides a scalable hub for routing among selected attachments, each VPC's subnet routes still must point to the transit gateway; this concerns centrally controlled many-to-many VPC networking, not the specified private application exposure across overlapping network ranges and multi-account shared-VPC subnet administration.
C:The proposed action supplies a consumer-side ENI for connecting to an existing endpoint service; publishing a new private API requires the provider to expose an endpoint service, supporting third-party service consumption rather than provider-side service publication but leaving private application exposure across overlapping network ranges and multi-account shared-VPC subnet administration unmet.
E:This alternative enables direct private IP forwarding between the two peer VPCs; VPC peering does not act as transitive routing to a third peer, so it addresses simple one-to-one private VPC connectivity rather than the required private application exposure across overlapping network ranges and multi-account shared-VPC subnet administration.
Question 650
A global HTTP property uses CloudFront in front of an ALB. Engineers need viewer cache-result evidence and per-request target HTTP status context. Which log sources should be examined? Choose TWO.
- Enable appropriate NLB TLS access logging where supported
- Inspect CloudFront access logs or real-time logs and result types
- Compare configured health-check protocol, path, port, and matcher with the target's responses
- Inspect the Route 53 health check result and target or alarm condition
- Analyze ALB access logs including target status and processing information
Explanation
Correct Answers
B:This component shows edge request handling and cache result information; direct EC2 host logs omit requests satisfied entirely at the CDN, contributing identifying caching and origin-fetch behavior to the combined requirement for distinguishing load-balancer errors from target failures and identifying caching and origin-fetch behavior.
E:This component records request and target-response context from HTTP ingress; VPC Flow Logs cannot decode response status and request URL, contributing distinguishing load-balancer errors from target failures to the combined requirement for distinguishing load-balancer errors from target failures and identifying caching and origin-fetch behavior.
Incorrect Answers
A:This approach records connection-level TLS listener metadata for analysis; an ordinary HTTP ALB access-log schema is not the same as NLB TLS logs, which helps with NLB TLS session audit data instead of delivering distinguishing load-balancer errors from target failures and identifying caching and origin-fetch behavior.
C:Although this setting tests exactly the request used for health evaluation, process liveness does not guarantee the configured health route returns a passing status; this concerns source of health-check mismatch, not the specified distinguishing load-balancer errors from target failures and identifying caching and origin-fetch behavior.
D:The proposed action establishes which configured health evidence caused primary DNS selection to fail; server power state is not equivalent to the configured application's health signal, supporting root cause of unexpected DNS failover but leaving distinguishing load-balancer errors from target failures and identifying caching and origin-fetch behavior unmet.