Question 580

A VPN with a static-route customer appliance has no BGP neighbor and new on-premises prefixes cannot be reached. How should this network requirement be implemented?

  1. Add the correct static routes to the Site-to-Site VPN configuration and associated route tables
  2. Update customer routing advertisements and security policies for the new AWS prefixes
  3. Remove or filter the obsolete BGP announcement on the customer router
  4. Change the workload subnet route to send the customer CIDRs to the transit gateway

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

This configuration lists reachability explicitly when dynamic routing is not used; dynamic BGP route learning would require a compatible customer gateway and VPN configuration, so it delivers static hybrid prefix coverage under the stated constraints.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This approach aligns hybrid routing tables with the changed workload address plan; changing only AWS-side routes leaves on-premises devices unaware of the migration, which helps with end-to-end reachability after VPC renumbering instead of delivering static hybrid prefix coverage.

C:

This alternative prevents AWS from learning a route to a nonexistent destination; VPC security groups do not delete advertisements from the external routing control plane, so it addresses withdrawal of invalid customer routes rather than the required static hybrid prefix coverage.

D:

Although this setting makes return packets follow the intended private hybrid route, NAT internet egress cannot substitute for a routable customer network attachment; this concerns correct workload-side return path to on premises, not the specified static hybrid prefix coverage.

Question 581

A customer router discards ICMP fragmentation-needed messages and long transfers time out across Direct Connect. Which solution best addresses these network requirements?

  1. Permit the relevant path MTU discovery ICMP feedback
  2. Check end-to-end VLAN, router, and host MTU compatibility
  3. Check EFA supported instance, placement group and network prerequisites
  4. Investigate path MTU and adjust MSS clamping or packet size appropriately

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

With this choice, the selected action allows endpoints to learn a workable packet size along the route; blindly enabling jumbo frames on EC2 will not make every intervening hop support them, providing functioning PMTUD for end-to-end TCP traffic for the network described.

Incorrect Answers

B:

The proposed action verifies every device on the traffic path can process the selected frame size; enabling jumbo MTU on only one interface can create size mismatches, supporting valid large-frame transport across the hybrid link but leaving functioning PMTUD for end-to-end TCP traffic unmet.

C:

This approach validates low-latency ENA/EFA transport assumptions for clustered HPC; ordinary internet-facing ALB routing is not the EFA data path, which helps with correct placement for low-latency inter-node traffic instead of delivering functioning PMTUD for end-to-end TCP traffic.

D:

This alternative limits TCP segment sizes to fit encapsulated network paths; increasing BGP timers will not repair fragmentation-related black holes, so it addresses avoidance of oversized packets across IPsec tunnels rather than the required functioning PMTUD for end-to-end TCP traffic.

Question 582

An auditor needs organization-wide recording of route-table API changes and a means to detect later alteration of delivered CloudTrail log files. Which settings should be deployed? Choose TWO.

  1. Match relevant CloudTrail events with EventBridge and send notifications
  2. Configure an organization trail with central delivery and appropriate event coverage
  3. Search CloudTrail management events for the corresponding route-table API operation
  4. Enable CloudTrail log file integrity validation and protect the archive
  5. Inspect CloudTrail user identity and request details for the delete event

Explanation

Correct Answers

B:

This component collects management events across included accounts under centralized governance; configuring an individual trail in a single account leaves coverage gaps, contributing organization-wide configuration change evidence to the combined requirement for organization-wide configuration change evidence and integrity-verifiable network audit history.

D:

This component supports detecting tampering with delivered log file digests; encryption at rest alone does not prove the historical log sequence was unchanged, contributing integrity-verifiable network audit history to the combined requirement for organization-wide configuration change evidence and integrity-verifiable network audit history.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This alternative converts control-plane audit events into automated responses; manually reviewing monthly log archives would not meet response-time requirements, so it addresses prompt detection of forbidden route modifications rather than the required organization-wide configuration change evidence and integrity-verifiable network audit history.

C:

The proposed action records principal, time and API request metadata for supported networking changes; VPC Flow Logs show packet behavior rather than resource-modification principals, supporting attribution of unauthorized network control-plane activity but leaving organization-wide configuration change evidence and integrity-verifiable network audit history unmet.

E:

This alternative identifies the credential context used for the control-plane action; packet mirror traces cannot establish IAM API identity, so it addresses accountable origin of a network policy deletion rather than the required organization-wide configuration change evidence and integrity-verifiable network audit history.

Question 583

An ALB must balance requests to container tasks using dynamically assigned private addresses rather than fixed instance IDs. Which option should the architect select?

  1. Change the target group's health-check path and success matcher
  2. Use an IP-type target group with the task IPs
  3. Attach the load balancer target group to the Auto Scaling group
  4. Tune target-group deregistration delay and drain before terminating capacity
  5. Register supported private IP addresses in an IP-type target group

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

With this choice, the selected action registers destinations using IP address and port; an instance-type group targets instances rather than these workload IP destinations, providing registration of independently addressable container tasks for the network described.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This approach sends HTTP or HTTPS readiness probes to the intended application endpoint; a TCP handshake alone cannot prove route-level application readiness, which helps with application-specific health status for load balancing instead of delivering registration of independently addressable container tasks.

C:

Although this setting integrates target registration and deregistration with instance lifecycle, scaling policies alone do not update an unrelated manually maintained group; this concerns automatic target membership as capacity changes, not the specified registration of independently addressable container tasks.

D:

The proposed action allows load-balancer connection draining during target removal; immediately killing the instance defeats the drain interval, supporting graceful exit for targets holding active requests but leaving registration of independently addressable container tasks unmet.

E:

This approach allows appropriate load balancers to use reachable private IP targets beyond an instance-ID inventory; a public internet IP is not a valid substitute for private target registration in this pattern, which helps with hybrid private-address backend targets instead of delivering registration of independently addressable container tasks.

Question 584

A pair of hybrid circuits must use a primary path but retain a second path on control-plane failure. Which change is the most appropriate?

  1. Advertise suitable summarized CIDR prefixes over BGP
  2. Use routing policy to prefer one BGP path while retaining a valid alternate
  3. Use dynamic BGP reachability across the hybrid connection
  4. Prepend the on-premises ASN on the less-preferred BGP advertisement where applicable

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The approach influences BGP path selection without removing the standby advertisement; simply deleting the backup route would prevent automatic rerouting, directly enabling active-passive hybrid routing in this situation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The proposed action aggregates adjacent networks into fewer routing announcements; summaries must not accidentally include unreachable networks or overlapping ownership, supporting scalable dynamic prefix advertising but leaving active-passive hybrid routing unmet.

C:

This alternative withdraws routes learned from peers when routing sessions fail; static next hops cannot infer the same route withdrawal from a BGP session loss, so it addresses control-plane-driven hybrid failover rather than the required active-passive hybrid routing.

D:

Although this setting lengthens the AS_PATH attribute seen by peers for route choice, AWS route priorities and local connection details can affect the complete decision; this concerns inbound path preference toward the shorter advertised AS path, not the specified active-passive hybrid routing.

Question 585

A multicast group is not delivering packets to a subnet even though TGW connectivity exists. Which change is the most appropriate?

  1. Use Transit Gateway multicast where supported and correctly configure membership
  2. Register compatible multicast sources and members against the TGW multicast domain
  3. Keep targeted unicast transport to the distinct destinations
  4. Check multicast domain associations, source registration and receiver membership

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

The approach verifies multicast-specific configuration beyond normal IP unicast routes; a TGW unicast route alone does not join a multicast group, directly enabling active receiver enrollment and multicast forwarding in this situation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Although this setting replicates multicast group traffic to registered receivers through supported transit multicast domains, ordinary VPC unicast does not automatically replicate to an IP multicast group; this concerns one-to-many multicast stream delivery, not the specified active receiver enrollment and multicast forwarding.

B:

The proposed action establishes the designated sender and receiver bindings; receivers must join or be registered under the selected multicast model, supporting functioning group-delivery distribution but leaving active receiver enrollment and multicast forwarding unmet.

C:

This approach sends separate messages when every receiver has different data; multicast replication is valuable only when multiple receivers should get the same content, which helps with recipient-specific delivery semantics instead of delivering active receiver enrollment and multicast forwarding.

Question 586

Two hosts exchange large files but Flow Logs show ACCEPT; an analyst needs the actual TLS handshake bytes. Which AWS networking approach meets this constraint?

  1. Use VPC Traffic Mirroring or another packet-capture location
  2. Investigate the applicable security group or NACL control first
  3. Customize the VPC Flow Logs format to include supported extended fields
  4. Check Flow Logs limitations for traffic to the AmazonProvidedDNS resolver

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

This configuration captures supported packet payloads for protocol-level analysis; ACCEPT records do not include TLS cipher negotiation details, so it delivers packet contents beyond flow metadata under the stated constraints.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Although this setting identifies a captured packet flow denied by AWS network filtering, no HTTP server log can explain a request blocked before reaching the host; this concerns network-control cause of rejected traffic, not the specified packet contents beyond flow metadata.

C:

The proposed action records additional origin and destination information for relevant network address translation contexts; ordinary default fields may reflect observation-interface addresses rather than original packet endpoints, supporting deeper source/destination flow attribution but leaving packet contents beyond flow metadata unmet.

D:

This approach recognizes that certain AWS-reserved service traffic is excluded from standard flow logging; absence of a record is not conclusive proof that the DNS query never occurred, which helps with correct interpretation of a flow-log visibility gap instead of delivering packet contents beyond flow metadata.

Question 587

A runbook incorrectly assumes Network Manager creates all VPC routes when a device is registered. Which AWS networking approach meets this constraint?

  1. Use Network Manager monitoring with relevant CloudWatch-backed metrics
  2. Separate topology registration from actual network route configuration
  3. Use AWS Network Manager topology views for registered global networks
  4. Verify Network Manager site and device associations
  5. Use Transit Gateway Route Analyzer where supported

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This configuration distinguishes management inventory from data-plane forwarding; adding a device to a topology map does not establish TGW or VPC routes, so it delivers correct operations model for managed network topology under the stated constraints.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The proposed action aggregates WAN and AWS network telemetry across managed connections; individual interface packet captures do not provide a persistent WAN health overview, supporting consolidated operational status for global links but leaving correct operations model for managed network topology unmet.

C:

This alternative displays managed global network resources and connections; a single VPC subnet route list lacks the global context, so it addresses visibility into multi-Region WAN attachment relationships rather than the required correct operations model for managed network topology.

D:

Although this setting aligns registered branch inventory with its logical connectivity metadata, CloudFront access logs cannot discover WAN site registration gaps; this concerns accurate branch-to-transit topology inventory, not the specified correct operations model for managed network topology.

E:

The proposed action evaluates a modeled routing path through transit gateway route tables; a general health-check probe does not describe transit route resolution, supporting transit-layer path assessment between attachments but leaving correct operations model for managed network topology unmet.

Question 588

A team wants to set inside tunnel IPv4 addresses consistently for a managed Site-to-Site VPN. Which option should the architect select?

  1. Use supported link-local tunnel-inside CIDRs according to AWS VPN configuration rules
  2. Permit required VPN IKE and NAT-T traffic through intervening firewalls
  3. Align IKE proposal algorithms and versions with supported AWS tunnel options
  4. Align phase-two IPsec proposals and relevant perfect-forward-secrecy groups

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

This configuration establishes the logical point-to-point addressing used by the tunnel interfaces; reusing conflicting tunnel inside addresses can break router configuration, so it delivers valid inside IP addressing for VPN routing under the stated constraints.

Incorrect Answers

B:

The proposed action enables negotiation packets for IPsec peers behind address translation; a TCP listener rule is not relevant to IKE UDP negotiation, supporting uninterrupted IPsec control traffic across NAT devices but leaving valid inside IP addressing for VPN routing unmet.

C:

This approach ensures both IPsec peers negotiate compatible phase-one security parameters; a VPC route adjustment cannot repair phase-one crypto incompatibility, which helps with successful IKE security-association establishment instead of delivering valid inside IP addressing for VPN routing.

D:

This alternative negotiates compatible ESP and child security association settings; a working initial IKE exchange does not prove phase-two compatibility, so it addresses successful data-plane IPsec tunnel establishment rather than the required valid inside IP addressing for VPN routing.

Question 589

An HTTPS ALB listener hosts dozens of customer names, each with a different TLS certificate. Which action provides the required behavior?

  1. Add a matching listener rule with a fixed deny response
  2. Configure an HTTP listener with a redirect to HTTPS
  3. Configure multiple listener certificates with Server Name Indication support
  4. Configure ALB authenticate-oidc listener actions

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This configuration selects an appropriate certificate based on the TLS client's requested server name; the client must support SNI to select among the additional certificates, so it delivers multiple TLS identities on one HTTPS listener under the stated constraints.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This alternative evaluates HTTP headers and can return a configured HTTP status without forwarding; plain security group rules cannot examine HTTP header values, so it addresses header-based denial at the application ingress rather than the required multiple TLS identities on one HTTPS listener.

B:

Although this setting returns the redirect response that tells clients to use encrypted HTTPS, a backend TLS listener alone does not redirect a client that entered through HTTP; this concerns enforced client-facing HTTPS navigation, not the specified multiple TLS identities on one HTTPS listener.

D:

This approach performs supported OpenID Connect authentication before forwarding requests; a network ACL cannot execute a web identity-provider sign-in flow, which helps with identity-aware access on the HTTP listener instead of delivering multiple TLS identities on one HTTPS listener.

Question 590

Traffic is entering the firewall AZ but returning through a different zone and sessions are dropped. Which AWS networking approach meets this constraint?

  1. Correct subnet routing to preserve symmetric AWS Network Firewall endpoint traversal
  2. Deploy AWS Network Firewall endpoints with routed firewall policy in the traffic path
  3. Define centralized AWS Network Firewall policies and rule-group lifecycle controls
  4. Enable AWS Network Firewall alert and flow logging to a suitable destination

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

The approach keeps both directions of the flow through the stateful inspection path; rules cannot track a return flow they never observe, directly enabling stateful firewall session continuity in this situation.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This alternative applies managed stateless and stateful inspection to forwarded network packets; a deployed firewall without route redirection is bypassed by ordinary traffic, so it addresses centrally enforced traffic inspection rather than the required stateful firewall session continuity.

C:

Although this setting makes a consistent set of stateless and stateful rules deployable to multiple firewalls, copying independent manual rule edits promotes configuration drift; this concerns consistent managed network inspection policy, not the specified stateful firewall session continuity.

D:

The proposed action records firewall match and flow observations for investigation; ordinary VPC flow records lack the full inspection-rule match context, supporting explainable stateful policy decisions but leaving stateful firewall session continuity unmet.

AWS Certified Advanced Networking - Specialty ANS-C01 Practice Tests