Question 580
A VPN with a static-route customer appliance has no BGP neighbor and new on-premises prefixes cannot be reached. How should this network requirement be implemented?
- Add the correct static routes to the Site-to-Site VPN configuration and associated route tables
- Update customer routing advertisements and security policies for the new AWS prefixes
- Remove or filter the obsolete BGP announcement on the customer router
- Change the workload subnet route to send the customer CIDRs to the transit gateway
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:This configuration lists reachability explicitly when dynamic routing is not used; dynamic BGP route learning would require a compatible customer gateway and VPN configuration, so it delivers static hybrid prefix coverage under the stated constraints.
Incorrect Answers
B:This approach aligns hybrid routing tables with the changed workload address plan; changing only AWS-side routes leaves on-premises devices unaware of the migration, which helps with end-to-end reachability after VPC renumbering instead of delivering static hybrid prefix coverage.
C:This alternative prevents AWS from learning a route to a nonexistent destination; VPC security groups do not delete advertisements from the external routing control plane, so it addresses withdrawal of invalid customer routes rather than the required static hybrid prefix coverage.
D:Although this setting makes return packets follow the intended private hybrid route, NAT internet egress cannot substitute for a routable customer network attachment; this concerns correct workload-side return path to on premises, not the specified static hybrid prefix coverage.
Question 581
A customer router discards ICMP fragmentation-needed messages and long transfers time out across Direct Connect. Which solution best addresses these network requirements?
- Permit the relevant path MTU discovery ICMP feedback
- Check end-to-end VLAN, router, and host MTU compatibility
- Check EFA supported instance, placement group and network prerequisites
- Investigate path MTU and adjust MSS clamping or packet size appropriately
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:With this choice, the selected action allows endpoints to learn a workable packet size along the route; blindly enabling jumbo frames on EC2 will not make every intervening hop support them, providing functioning PMTUD for end-to-end TCP traffic for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
B:The proposed action verifies every device on the traffic path can process the selected frame size; enabling jumbo MTU on only one interface can create size mismatches, supporting valid large-frame transport across the hybrid link but leaving functioning PMTUD for end-to-end TCP traffic unmet.
C:This approach validates low-latency ENA/EFA transport assumptions for clustered HPC; ordinary internet-facing ALB routing is not the EFA data path, which helps with correct placement for low-latency inter-node traffic instead of delivering functioning PMTUD for end-to-end TCP traffic.
D:This alternative limits TCP segment sizes to fit encapsulated network paths; increasing BGP timers will not repair fragmentation-related black holes, so it addresses avoidance of oversized packets across IPsec tunnels rather than the required functioning PMTUD for end-to-end TCP traffic.
Question 582
An auditor needs organization-wide recording of route-table API changes and a means to detect later alteration of delivered CloudTrail log files. Which settings should be deployed? Choose TWO.
- Match relevant CloudTrail events with EventBridge and send notifications
- Configure an organization trail with central delivery and appropriate event coverage
- Search CloudTrail management events for the corresponding route-table API operation
- Enable CloudTrail log file integrity validation and protect the archive
- Inspect CloudTrail user identity and request details for the delete event
Explanation
Correct Answers
B:This component collects management events across included accounts under centralized governance; configuring an individual trail in a single account leaves coverage gaps, contributing organization-wide configuration change evidence to the combined requirement for organization-wide configuration change evidence and integrity-verifiable network audit history.
D:This component supports detecting tampering with delivered log file digests; encryption at rest alone does not prove the historical log sequence was unchanged, contributing integrity-verifiable network audit history to the combined requirement for organization-wide configuration change evidence and integrity-verifiable network audit history.
Incorrect Answers
A:This alternative converts control-plane audit events into automated responses; manually reviewing monthly log archives would not meet response-time requirements, so it addresses prompt detection of forbidden route modifications rather than the required organization-wide configuration change evidence and integrity-verifiable network audit history.
C:The proposed action records principal, time and API request metadata for supported networking changes; VPC Flow Logs show packet behavior rather than resource-modification principals, supporting attribution of unauthorized network control-plane activity but leaving organization-wide configuration change evidence and integrity-verifiable network audit history unmet.
E:This alternative identifies the credential context used for the control-plane action; packet mirror traces cannot establish IAM API identity, so it addresses accountable origin of a network policy deletion rather than the required organization-wide configuration change evidence and integrity-verifiable network audit history.
Question 583
An ALB must balance requests to container tasks using dynamically assigned private addresses rather than fixed instance IDs. Which option should the architect select?
- Change the target group's health-check path and success matcher
- Use an IP-type target group with the task IPs
- Attach the load balancer target group to the Auto Scaling group
- Tune target-group deregistration delay and drain before terminating capacity
- Register supported private IP addresses in an IP-type target group
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:With this choice, the selected action registers destinations using IP address and port; an instance-type group targets instances rather than these workload IP destinations, providing registration of independently addressable container tasks for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
A:This approach sends HTTP or HTTPS readiness probes to the intended application endpoint; a TCP handshake alone cannot prove route-level application readiness, which helps with application-specific health status for load balancing instead of delivering registration of independently addressable container tasks.
C:Although this setting integrates target registration and deregistration with instance lifecycle, scaling policies alone do not update an unrelated manually maintained group; this concerns automatic target membership as capacity changes, not the specified registration of independently addressable container tasks.
D:The proposed action allows load-balancer connection draining during target removal; immediately killing the instance defeats the drain interval, supporting graceful exit for targets holding active requests but leaving registration of independently addressable container tasks unmet.
E:This approach allows appropriate load balancers to use reachable private IP targets beyond an instance-ID inventory; a public internet IP is not a valid substitute for private target registration in this pattern, which helps with hybrid private-address backend targets instead of delivering registration of independently addressable container tasks.
Question 584
A pair of hybrid circuits must use a primary path but retain a second path on control-plane failure. Which change is the most appropriate?
- Advertise suitable summarized CIDR prefixes over BGP
- Use routing policy to prefer one BGP path while retaining a valid alternate
- Use dynamic BGP reachability across the hybrid connection
- Prepend the on-premises ASN on the less-preferred BGP advertisement where applicable
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:The approach influences BGP path selection without removing the standby advertisement; simply deleting the backup route would prevent automatic rerouting, directly enabling active-passive hybrid routing in this situation.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed action aggregates adjacent networks into fewer routing announcements; summaries must not accidentally include unreachable networks or overlapping ownership, supporting scalable dynamic prefix advertising but leaving active-passive hybrid routing unmet.
C:This alternative withdraws routes learned from peers when routing sessions fail; static next hops cannot infer the same route withdrawal from a BGP session loss, so it addresses control-plane-driven hybrid failover rather than the required active-passive hybrid routing.
D:Although this setting lengthens the AS_PATH attribute seen by peers for route choice, AWS route priorities and local connection details can affect the complete decision; this concerns inbound path preference toward the shorter advertised AS path, not the specified active-passive hybrid routing.
Question 585
A multicast group is not delivering packets to a subnet even though TGW connectivity exists. Which change is the most appropriate?
- Use Transit Gateway multicast where supported and correctly configure membership
- Register compatible multicast sources and members against the TGW multicast domain
- Keep targeted unicast transport to the distinct destinations
- Check multicast domain associations, source registration and receiver membership
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The approach verifies multicast-specific configuration beyond normal IP unicast routes; a TGW unicast route alone does not join a multicast group, directly enabling active receiver enrollment and multicast forwarding in this situation.
Incorrect Answers
A:Although this setting replicates multicast group traffic to registered receivers through supported transit multicast domains, ordinary VPC unicast does not automatically replicate to an IP multicast group; this concerns one-to-many multicast stream delivery, not the specified active receiver enrollment and multicast forwarding.
B:The proposed action establishes the designated sender and receiver bindings; receivers must join or be registered under the selected multicast model, supporting functioning group-delivery distribution but leaving active receiver enrollment and multicast forwarding unmet.
C:This approach sends separate messages when every receiver has different data; multicast replication is valuable only when multiple receivers should get the same content, which helps with recipient-specific delivery semantics instead of delivering active receiver enrollment and multicast forwarding.
Question 586
Two hosts exchange large files but Flow Logs show ACCEPT; an analyst needs the actual TLS handshake bytes. Which AWS networking approach meets this constraint?
- Use VPC Traffic Mirroring or another packet-capture location
- Investigate the applicable security group or NACL control first
- Customize the VPC Flow Logs format to include supported extended fields
- Check Flow Logs limitations for traffic to the AmazonProvidedDNS resolver
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:This configuration captures supported packet payloads for protocol-level analysis; ACCEPT records do not include TLS cipher negotiation details, so it delivers packet contents beyond flow metadata under the stated constraints.
Incorrect Answers
B:Although this setting identifies a captured packet flow denied by AWS network filtering, no HTTP server log can explain a request blocked before reaching the host; this concerns network-control cause of rejected traffic, not the specified packet contents beyond flow metadata.
C:The proposed action records additional origin and destination information for relevant network address translation contexts; ordinary default fields may reflect observation-interface addresses rather than original packet endpoints, supporting deeper source/destination flow attribution but leaving packet contents beyond flow metadata unmet.
D:This approach recognizes that certain AWS-reserved service traffic is excluded from standard flow logging; absence of a record is not conclusive proof that the DNS query never occurred, which helps with correct interpretation of a flow-log visibility gap instead of delivering packet contents beyond flow metadata.
Question 587
A runbook incorrectly assumes Network Manager creates all VPC routes when a device is registered. Which AWS networking approach meets this constraint?
- Use Network Manager monitoring with relevant CloudWatch-backed metrics
- Separate topology registration from actual network route configuration
- Use AWS Network Manager topology views for registered global networks
- Verify Network Manager site and device associations
- Use Transit Gateway Route Analyzer where supported
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:This configuration distinguishes management inventory from data-plane forwarding; adding a device to a topology map does not establish TGW or VPC routes, so it delivers correct operations model for managed network topology under the stated constraints.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed action aggregates WAN and AWS network telemetry across managed connections; individual interface packet captures do not provide a persistent WAN health overview, supporting consolidated operational status for global links but leaving correct operations model for managed network topology unmet.
C:This alternative displays managed global network resources and connections; a single VPC subnet route list lacks the global context, so it addresses visibility into multi-Region WAN attachment relationships rather than the required correct operations model for managed network topology.
D:Although this setting aligns registered branch inventory with its logical connectivity metadata, CloudFront access logs cannot discover WAN site registration gaps; this concerns accurate branch-to-transit topology inventory, not the specified correct operations model for managed network topology.
E:The proposed action evaluates a modeled routing path through transit gateway route tables; a general health-check probe does not describe transit route resolution, supporting transit-layer path assessment between attachments but leaving correct operations model for managed network topology unmet.
Question 588
A team wants to set inside tunnel IPv4 addresses consistently for a managed Site-to-Site VPN. Which option should the architect select?
- Use supported link-local tunnel-inside CIDRs according to AWS VPN configuration rules
- Permit required VPN IKE and NAT-T traffic through intervening firewalls
- Align IKE proposal algorithms and versions with supported AWS tunnel options
- Align phase-two IPsec proposals and relevant perfect-forward-secrecy groups
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:This configuration establishes the logical point-to-point addressing used by the tunnel interfaces; reusing conflicting tunnel inside addresses can break router configuration, so it delivers valid inside IP addressing for VPN routing under the stated constraints.
Incorrect Answers
B:The proposed action enables negotiation packets for IPsec peers behind address translation; a TCP listener rule is not relevant to IKE UDP negotiation, supporting uninterrupted IPsec control traffic across NAT devices but leaving valid inside IP addressing for VPN routing unmet.
C:This approach ensures both IPsec peers negotiate compatible phase-one security parameters; a VPC route adjustment cannot repair phase-one crypto incompatibility, which helps with successful IKE security-association establishment instead of delivering valid inside IP addressing for VPN routing.
D:This alternative negotiates compatible ESP and child security association settings; a working initial IKE exchange does not prove phase-two compatibility, so it addresses successful data-plane IPsec tunnel establishment rather than the required valid inside IP addressing for VPN routing.
Question 589
An HTTPS ALB listener hosts dozens of customer names, each with a different TLS certificate. Which action provides the required behavior?
- Add a matching listener rule with a fixed deny response
- Configure an HTTP listener with a redirect to HTTPS
- Configure multiple listener certificates with Server Name Indication support
- Configure ALB authenticate-oidc listener actions
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:This configuration selects an appropriate certificate based on the TLS client's requested server name; the client must support SNI to select among the additional certificates, so it delivers multiple TLS identities on one HTTPS listener under the stated constraints.
Incorrect Answers
A:This alternative evaluates HTTP headers and can return a configured HTTP status without forwarding; plain security group rules cannot examine HTTP header values, so it addresses header-based denial at the application ingress rather than the required multiple TLS identities on one HTTPS listener.
B:Although this setting returns the redirect response that tells clients to use encrypted HTTPS, a backend TLS listener alone does not redirect a client that entered through HTTP; this concerns enforced client-facing HTTPS navigation, not the specified multiple TLS identities on one HTTPS listener.
D:This approach performs supported OpenID Connect authentication before forwarding requests; a network ACL cannot execute a web identity-provider sign-in flow, which helps with identity-aware access on the HTTP listener instead of delivering multiple TLS identities on one HTTPS listener.
Question 590
Traffic is entering the firewall AZ but returning through a different zone and sessions are dropped. Which AWS networking approach meets this constraint?
- Correct subnet routing to preserve symmetric AWS Network Firewall endpoint traversal
- Deploy AWS Network Firewall endpoints with routed firewall policy in the traffic path
- Define centralized AWS Network Firewall policies and rule-group lifecycle controls
- Enable AWS Network Firewall alert and flow logging to a suitable destination
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The approach keeps both directions of the flow through the stateful inspection path; rules cannot track a return flow they never observe, directly enabling stateful firewall session continuity in this situation.
Incorrect Answers
B:This alternative applies managed stateless and stateful inspection to forwarded network packets; a deployed firewall without route redirection is bypassed by ordinary traffic, so it addresses centrally enforced traffic inspection rather than the required stateful firewall session continuity.
C:Although this setting makes a consistent set of stateless and stateful rules deployable to multiple firewalls, copying independent manual rule edits promotes configuration drift; this concerns consistent managed network inspection policy, not the specified stateful firewall session continuity.
D:The proposed action records firewall match and flow observations for investigation; ordinary VPC flow records lack the full inspection-rule match context, supporting explainable stateful policy decisions but leaving stateful firewall session continuity unmet.