Question 460
A source spoke reaches a firewall VPC through TGW, while return flows bypass that firewall. What is the best next configuration decision?
- Inspect the attachment's associated TGW table and its destination routes
- Inspect return subnet routes and appliance attachment mode
- Remove or correct the matching blackhole route after policy approval
- Reconfigure required attachment propagations or static entries in the new table
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:The approach identifies asymmetric forwarding or zone placement for stateful traffic; disabling firewall rules would hide the routing fault instead of fixing it, directly enabling symmetric transit flow through the appliance in this situation.
Incorrect Answers
A:This approach evaluates which route table is consulted when traffic enters the hub; changing propagation in an unrelated table would not repair this ingress lookup, which helps with missing transit route at the source attachment's policy table instead of delivering symmetric transit flow through the appliance.
C:Although this setting removes the more-specific discard condition for the selected CIDR, traffic matching a more-specific blackhole will not use the broader forwarding entry; this concerns restoration of traffic previously denied by TGW, not the specified symmetric transit flow through the appliance.
D:The proposed action restores eligible network destinations to the table used by the moved attachment; association selects a table, but does not populate every needed route, supporting route visibility after transit segmentation changes but leaving symmetric transit flow through the appliance unmet.
Question 461
Two VPCs in one Region exchange heavy private data and a TGW introduces per-GB processing charges. What is the most suitable design or configuration?
- Route eligible S3 access through an S3 gateway endpoint
- Cache eligible content with CloudFront at edge locations
- Compare direct VPC peering versus TGW under actual topology and transfer requirements
- Review inter-AZ transfer and inspection path costs against required security architecture
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:With this choice, the selected action evaluates the cost of hub processing against simpler direct connectivity; a mesh of peering links may become operationally expensive at larger scales, providing economical high-volume two-VPC traffic transfer for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed action bypasses the NAT for supported service destinations; endpoint and bucket policies must still permit the operation, supporting lower-cost private S3 traffic path but leaving economical high-volume two-VPC traffic transfer unmet.
B:This approach reduces repeated origin fetches by serving cached content near viewers; CloudFront pricing and cache hit ratio must still be measured for the workload, which helps with lower repeated long-haul object transfer instead of delivering economical high-volume two-VPC traffic transfer.
D:Although this setting accounts for cross-AZ traffic and intermediate service processing, skipping mandatory inspection solely to reduce charges may violate security requirements; this concerns cost-aware east-west inspection design, not the specified economical high-volume two-VPC traffic transfer.
Question 462
A peering request has been created between accounts but the owner of the second VPC has not accepted it. Which change is the most appropriate?
- Enable the VPC peering DNS resolution options
- Renumber one VPC or adopt a suitable endpoint-based connectivity pattern
- Add a direct A-C peer or migrate to an appropriate transit service
- Add the peer CIDR route to the peering connection in relevant VPC subnet route tables
- Accept the VPC peering connection in the peer account
Explanation
Correct Answer
E:With this choice, the selected action activates the permitted one-to-one peering relationship; route entries cannot use an unaccepted peering connection to pass packets, providing approved peering connection lifecycle for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
A:Although this setting allows qualifying public hostname resolution across peered VPCs to return private addresses, this does not replace Route 53 private hosted-zone association for arbitrary private names; this concerns private DNS resolution for peered instance hostnames, not the specified approved peering connection lifecycle.
B:The proposed action avoids the overlapping-CIDR restriction on VPC peering; adding more-specific routes cannot make an unsupported overlapping peering connection valid, supporting viable connectivity with conflicting network address plans but leaving approved peering connection lifecycle unmet.
C:This approach creates an explicit path because peer links are nontransitive; B cannot act as a peering transit router for arbitrary third-party destinations, which helps with valid A-to-C private routing instead of delivering approved peering connection lifecycle.
D:This alternative forwards private destination packets over the peer link; the peer VPC must also have an appropriate return route, so it addresses source subnet reachability through VPC peering rather than the required approved peering connection lifecycle.
Question 463
An auditor wants to identify security groups that allow the world to access administrative ports. What is the best next configuration decision?
- Treat Config findings as detective and enforce prevention separately through IAM/SCP
- Deploy AWS Config conformance packs with suitable account or organization targets
- Use Config evaluation events with EventBridge-driven notification or remediation
- Use an AWS Config managed or custom rule evaluating the relevant SG rules
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:With this choice, the selected action checks recorded security-group configuration for a defined compliance condition; a CloudWatch CPU alarm cannot assess IAM or security-group policy semantics, providing automatic identification of risky admin port exposure for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
A:This alternative reports noncompliance after changes without automatically blocking every API call; claiming a Config rule prevents all modifications would overstate its enforcement behavior, so it addresses correct governance boundary between auditing and authorization rather than the required automatic identification of risky admin port exposure.
B:Although this setting groups compliance rule checks into consistent policy baselines, an individual ad hoc query does not deploy the set of ongoing evaluations; this concerns reusable multi-account network compliance assessment, not the specified automatic identification of risky admin port exposure.
C:The proposed action responds to detected noncompliant resource configuration; a VPC flow log event is not a direct declaration that resource configuration violates a policy, supporting automated handling of disallowed internet exposure but leaving automatic identification of risky admin port exposure unmet.
Question 464
A private application uses the company's existing namespace, and queries from branches must not use public Internet DNS to find it. Which option should the architect select?
- Create a Route 53 Resolver inbound endpoint and forward from on premises to its IP addresses
- Share Route 53 Resolver rules through AWS RAM and associate them with receiving VPCs
- Configure multiple target IP addresses for the Resolver forwarding rule
- Combine a private hosted zone with inbound Resolver endpoint forwarding
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The approach links privately scoped authoritative records with an inbound hybrid query path; a private hosted zone alone does not provide a routable on-premises query target, directly enabling private resolution of cloud-hosted names from branch networks in this situation.
Incorrect Answers
A:This approach accepts DNS requests originating outside the VPC and resolves through the VPC resolver; endpoint security groups and network routes must permit DNS traffic to the inbound addresses, which helps with on-premises-to-AWS private DNS resolution instead of delivering private resolution of cloud-hosted names from branch networks.
B:This alternative distributes resolver forwarding rule configuration across authorized accounts and VPC associations; the receiving VPC still needs resolver endpoint connectivity through the networking design, so it addresses centrally managed hybrid DNS forwarding rather than the required private resolution of cloud-hosted names from branch networks.
C:Although this setting allows Resolver to send matching queries to more than one specified upstream resolver, duplicating a forwarding rule without independent targets does not repair the upstream single point of failure; this concerns resilient upstream name resolution for hybrid queries, not the specified private resolution of cloud-hosted names from branch networks.
Question 465
Network traffic must share equal-cost paths across compatible parallel BGP sessions for capacity distribution. Which change is the most appropriate?
- Use diverse customer routers and independent connectivity paths where possible
- Design supported equal-cost multipath routing on the relevant transit service
- Configure a supported Direct Connect link aggregation group
- Use redundant Direct Connect connections across multiple DX locations
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:With this choice, the selected action allows eligible equal-cost routes to share traffic over supported attachments; per-flow distribution is not the same as packet-by-packet balancing, providing bandwidth sharing among equivalent hybrid paths for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed action removes common failure dependencies from hybrid physical connectivity; multiplying logical VIFs on one router does not fix that router's failure domain, supporting physically independent Direct Connect resilience but leaving bandwidth sharing among equivalent hybrid paths unmet.
C:This alternative aggregates compatible dedicated connections at the Ethernet link layer; member compatibility and location requirements still apply to the aggregate, so it addresses LAG-based capacity and operational grouping rather than the required bandwidth sharing among equivalent hybrid paths.
D:Although this setting diversifies the physical entry facilities used for private connectivity, multiple ports only within one facility leave location-wide incidents correlated; this concerns resilience against a Direct Connect location outage, not the specified bandwidth sharing among equivalent hybrid paths.
Question 466
A stateless AWS Network Firewall rule explicitly uses PASS for all outbound TCP 443 sessions. A stricter stateful rule group that blocks a prohibited TLS SNI name never sees those sessions. Which stateless rule action change is necessary?
- Forward the matching packets to the stateful rule engine instead of passing them at the stateless stage
- Add an alert-only CloudWatch metric to the same stateless PASS rule
- Make the stateful rule's numeric priority zero while preserving the stateless PASS
- Replace the stateful TLS rule with a Route 53 weighted alias record
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The stateless PASS action stops further inspection and permits matching packets to continue. Forward-to-stateful causes the stateful engine to examine the same HTTPS traffic against the configured domain or TLS rules before deciding whether it is allowed.
Incorrect Answers
B:A metric can help observe a match but does not change the packet handling decision. A matching PASS rule will still bypass the configured stateful deny evaluation.
C:Changing stateful rule order cannot affect traffic that is already passed without reaching the stateful engine. The stateless disposition must first hand those packets onward.
D:Weighted DNS routing chooses answers rather than enforcing an SNI-based inspection rule on packets passing through Network Firewall. It does not restore the missing stateful analysis.
Question 467
A backend /health endpoint returns 200 but other pages are down; operators want an ALB to check the real readiness route. Which change is the most appropriate?
- Tune target-group deregistration delay and drain before terminating capacity
- Attach the load balancer target group to the Auto Scaling group
- Use an IP-type target group with the task IPs
- Register supported private IP addresses in an IP-type target group
- Change the target group's health-check path and success matcher
Explanation
Correct Answer
E:This configuration sends HTTP or HTTPS readiness probes to the intended application endpoint; a TCP handshake alone cannot prove route-level application readiness, so it delivers application-specific health status for load balancing under the stated constraints.
Incorrect Answers
A:This alternative allows load-balancer connection draining during target removal; immediately killing the instance defeats the drain interval, so it addresses graceful exit for targets holding active requests rather than the required application-specific health status for load balancing.
B:Although this setting integrates target registration and deregistration with instance lifecycle, scaling policies alone do not update an unrelated manually maintained group; this concerns automatic target membership as capacity changes, not the specified application-specific health status for load balancing.
C:The proposed action registers destinations using IP address and port; an instance-type group targets instances rather than these workload IP destinations, supporting registration of independently addressable container tasks but leaving application-specific health status for load balancing unmet.
D:This approach allows appropriate load balancers to use reachable private IP targets beyond an instance-ID inventory; a public internet IP is not a valid substitute for private target registration in this pattern, which helps with hybrid private-address backend targets instead of delivering application-specific health status for load balancing.
Question 468
A VPC's instances fail to resolve private Route 53 records after a change to custom VPC DNS settings. What is the best next configuration decision?
- Create a child hosted zone and add NS delegation records in the parent zone
- Create a Route 53 public hosted zone and delegate the registered domain
- Create a Route 53 private hosted zone and associate both VPCs
- Enable the VPC attributes for DNS support and DNS hostnames as required
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:With this choice, the selected action makes the Amazon-provided resolver and AWS DNS hostname behavior available within the VPC; DHCP DNS server settings also must direct clients toward a resolver that can answer these zones, providing normal private hosted zone resolution through VPC DNS for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed action assigns authority for the child DNS namespace to different nameservers; records in a child zone are ineffective until the parent's delegation points to them, supporting independent control of a delegated DNS subdomain but leaving normal private hosted zone resolution through VPC DNS unmet.
B:This approach publishes DNS records via Route 53's publicly reachable authoritative nameservers; creation of a hosted zone alone does not update the registrar's delegation, which helps with public authoritative DNS hosting instead of delivering normal private hosted zone resolution through VPC DNS.
C:This alternative exposes private DNS records through VPC resolver behavior only for associated networks; a public zone could expose the record data through internet-accessible authoritative servers, so it addresses VPC-scoped private name resolution rather than the required normal private hosted zone resolution through VPC DNS.
Question 469
EC2 instances cannot resolve ad.corp.example because queries are not leaving the VPC resolver. Which AWS networking approach meets this constraint?
- Add a Resolver forwarding rule targeting on-prem DNS through an outbound endpoint
- Permit UDP 53 as well as required TCP DNS between resolvers
- Configure a conditional forwarder to Route 53 Resolver inbound endpoint IPs
- Associate the private hosted zone with the new VPC
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The approach sends matching corporate DNS questions to the designated corporate resolvers; the subnet network path to the on-prem resolver must carry UDP and TCP DNS as applicable, directly enabling cloud-to-corporate DNS integration in this situation.
Incorrect Answers
B:The proposed action allows the standard transport used by most ordinary recursive DNS exchanges; TCP-only access can leave typical UDP-based DNS questions unanswered, supporting complete supported DNS transport for the hybrid path but leaving cloud-to-corporate DNS integration unmet.
C:This approach sends matching on-premises questions into AWS private DNS resolver capacity; recursively querying public DNS cannot discover private hosted-zone records, which helps with selective on-premises-to-VPC DNS forwarding instead of delivering cloud-to-corporate DNS integration.
D:This alternative grants the VPC resolver visibility into the zone's private records; transit data-plane reachability does not automatically create hosted-zone association, so it addresses private-zone name resolution in the newly attached VPC rather than the required cloud-to-corporate DNS integration.
Question 470
A company wants to connect dozens of VPCs while retaining route-table-level isolation and shared on-prem access. Which AWS networking approach meets this constraint?
- Use an AWS Transit Gateway with distinct attachment routing domains
- Put an appropriate NLB-based endpoint-service front end before the application stack
- Create an interface VPC endpoint to the provider's PrivateLink service
- Maintain a VPC peering connection with reciprocal subnet routes
- Use a gateway endpoint for S3 with the correct subnet route-table associations
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:With this choice, the selected action centralizes routing and segmentation for large private network topologies; ordinary VPC peering creates independent nontransitive links, providing scalable multi-VPC and hybrid hub connectivity for the network described.
Incorrect Answers
B:This alternative provides the supported PrivateLink provider integration for application reachability; an ALB is not directly used as the endpoint-service load balancer type in this pattern, so it addresses NLB-backed private service publication rather than the required scalable multi-VPC and hybrid hub connectivity.
C:Although this setting supplies private endpoint ENIs for the specific service consumer, a gateway endpoint is reserved for eligible AWS service integrations, not arbitrary SaaS APIs; this concerns narrowly scoped third-party service connectivity, not the specified scalable multi-VPC and hybrid hub connectivity.
D:The proposed action provides simple one-to-one forwarding through the AWS network; it does not automatically enable transitive routing to the rest of either account's peers, supporting minimal two-VPC private connectivity but leaving scalable multi-VPC and hybrid hub connectivity unmet.
E:This approach creates a private route to S3 supported service prefixes; access policy and Region support still determine actual service permissions, which helps with S3 access avoiding NAT and internet paths instead of delivering scalable multi-VPC and hybrid hub connectivity.