Question 870
A regulated application runs replicas in two AWS Regions. During a regional incident, operators must deliberately enable the standby Route 53 failover record, and guardrails must prevent a mistaken operation from disabling all replicas. Which design meets both requirements?
- Manually delete the active Region's hosted zone whenever operators declare failover
- Use Amazon Route 53 ARC routing controls associated with Route 53 health checks and configure safety rules
- Increase DNS TTL to a day to reduce the frequency of failover operations
- Use an application security group to stop all routing to the original Region
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:ARC routing controls give operators an explicit on/off data-plane signal that Route 53 failover records can use. Safety rules can constrain unsafe combinations of routing-control states.
Incorrect Answers
A:Deleting an authoritative hosted zone damages DNS availability and offers no guardrail against both regions becoming unreachable.
C:A long TTL would delay clients that cache the old response and does not supply a managed failover switch or safety constraints.
D:Security groups filter instance traffic within VPC networks; they are not a globally managed DNS routing-control mechanism.
Question 871
A newly created private Direct Connect VIF shows a physical connection as up, but its BGP session remains Idle. The customer router has configured the Amazon peer IP as a neighbor yet uses a different ASN than the VIF's configured customer ASN. What should be corrected?
- Review received prefix counts and adjust the customer router's documented maximum-prefix policy appropriately
- Advertise only the intended private prefixes over the Direct Connect BGP session
- Match the customer router BGP ASN to the customer ASN configured on the Direct Connect VIF
- Update the Direct Connect gateway association's allowed prefixes for the intended TGW routes
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:BGP neighbors must agree on each other's peer ASNs; a functioning physical circuit and VLAN cannot establish the control-plane adjacency when the remote AS is configured incorrectly.
Incorrect Answers
A:A BGP peer can stay reachable while a router enforces prefix limits or suppresses updates; diagnosing the actual routes received and the configured threshold avoids misclassifying the event as link failure; the scenario instead needs an action that will establish a correctly paired BGP adjacency.
B:Restricting advertised prefixes keeps hybrid routing within the intended enterprise reachability boundary; unnecessary default route advertisements can attract traffic not meant for Direct Connect; those conditions do not produce the required result: establish a correctly paired BGP adjacency.
D:The allowed-prefix configuration controls which connected AWS-side ranges are advertised toward on-premises through this association; it is not a generic subnet route table entry; the operational gap would remain because the question requires a way to establish a correctly paired BGP adjacency.
Question 872
A network engineer is handed a Direct Connect hosted connection from a partner and expects to configure a private VIF immediately. AWS shows the hosted connection as pending. Which prerequisite is missing?
- Advertise only the intended private prefixes over the Direct Connect BGP session
- Use a Direct Connect public virtual interface for supported public AWS endpoints
- Match the customer router BGP ASN to the customer ASN configured on the Direct Connect VIF
- Accept the hosted connection in the intended AWS account before creating the virtual interface
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:Hosted connections require the recipient to accept the provisioned connection; only after acceptance can the account configure the supported VIF and start routing.
Incorrect Answers
A:Restricting advertised prefixes keeps hybrid routing within the intended enterprise reachability boundary; unnecessary default route advertisements can attract traffic not meant for Direct Connect; those conditions do not produce the required result: activate a partner-provided DX connection.
B:Public VIFs exchange public AWS service prefixes and customer public addressing, unlike transit VIFs, which carry hybrid private routes toward TGWs; it changes a different aspect of the architecture rather than fulfilling the need to activate a partner-provided DX connection.
C:BGP neighbors must agree on each other's peer ASNs; a functioning physical circuit and VLAN cannot establish the control-plane adjacency when the remote AS is configured incorrectly; the operational gap would remain because the question requires a way to activate a partner-provided DX connection.
Question 873
Two 10-Gbps Direct Connect connections are grouped into a LAG. One failure must not leave the LAG operational with too little capacity for the application. What LAG property can enforce this?
- Set the LAG minimum link count to the required number of healthy members
- Configure MACsec on a supported Direct Connect dedicated connection and compatible customer hardware
- Provision Direct Connect connections in separate locations with independent customer-side routing infrastructure
- Combine eligible same-speed Direct Connect dedicated links into a link aggregation group
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The minimum-links setting makes the aggregated connection unavailable when fewer than the configured number of physical links remain, preventing operation below the chosen physical redundancy threshold.
Incorrect Answers
B:MACsec protects Ethernet frames on eligible Direct Connect physical links, subject to connection speed, location, and equipment support; it does not replace application-layer encryption throughout the AWS service path; the operational gap would remain because the question requires a way to enforce a minimum count of working DX members.
C:Distinct physical facilities and routers reduce correlated outages; multiple VLANs or VIFs on one physical circuit do not create separate transport failure domains; it is not the action that directly makes the system enforce a minimum count of working DX members.
D:LAG combines supported same-speed physical connections under one logical construct; individual BGP flow hashing and circuit health still affect realized traffic distribution; that still would not establish the requested outcome: enforce a minimum count of working DX members.
Question 874
A Site-to-Site VPN uses BGP, but on-premises prefixes never appear at the VGW even though IKE and IPsec security associations are established. The configured customer router is missing the AWS inside-tunnel neighbor. What should be added?
- Configure and monitor both VPN tunnel interfaces and BGP neighbors on the customer gateway
- Assign nonoverlapping valid inside IPv4 tunnel CIDRs to each VPN tunnel
- Establish BGP over a dynamic-routing Site-to-Site VPN connection
- Configure BGP using the inside tunnel addresses and AWS peer ASN supplied for that VPN tunnel
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:IPsec tunnel establishment authenticates the encrypted underlay; dynamic route exchange requires a separate BGP session with the correct neighbors and ASN over the tunnel interfaces.
Incorrect Answers
A:AWS provides two tunnels for redundancy; leaving a second tunnel's routing session unconfigured prevents it from taking over during planned or unplanned maintenance; the operational gap would remain because the question requires a way to exchange routes across an established IPsec tunnel.
B:The inside addresses identify separate point-to-point BGP interfaces and must not collide; reusing the same inside tunnel CIDR makes distinct neighbor and forwarding contexts ambiguous; it is not the action that directly makes the system exchange routes across an established IPsec tunnel.
C:BGP exchanges prefixes and responds to route withdrawals across the VPN tunnel; static routing requires explicit configuration and does not provide equivalent dynamic route signaling; that still would not establish the requested outcome: exchange routes across an established IPsec tunnel.
Question 875
A new Site-to-Site VPN connection attaches to a VGW; the VPC route table still has no path to 172.24.0.0/16 on-premises. Engineers need the route learned automatically when AWS supports propagation. Which change is appropriate?
- Establish BGP over a dynamic-routing Site-to-Site VPN connection
- Enable virtual private gateway route propagation on the affected VPC route table
- Configure BGP using the inside tunnel addresses and AWS peer ASN supplied for that VPN tunnel
- Configure and monitor both VPN tunnel interfaces and BGP neighbors on the customer gateway
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:With an eligible VGW attachment, route propagation can install learned remote prefixes into the selected VPC route tables; merely establishing the tunnel does not make every subnet route table use those routes.
Incorrect Answers
A:BGP exchanges prefixes and responds to route withdrawals across the VPN tunnel; static routing requires explicit configuration and does not provide equivalent dynamic route signaling; it is not the action that directly makes the system populate VPC subnet routes from the VPN gateway.
C:IPsec tunnel establishment authenticates the encrypted underlay; dynamic route exchange requires a separate BGP session with the correct neighbors and ASN over the tunnel interfaces; the scenario instead needs an action that will populate VPC subnet routes from the VPN gateway.
D:AWS provides two tunnels for redundancy; leaving a second tunnel's routing session unconfigured prevents it from taking over during planned or unplanned maintenance; those conditions do not produce the required result: populate VPC subnet routes from the VPN gateway.
Question 876
A customer gateway has two route-based IPsec tunnels for the same AWS VPN connection. The security team configured both with an identical local inside-tunnel /30 CIDR. What should be changed?
- Rotate the VPN tunnel pre-shared keys through the supported VPN tunnel-option workflow and coordinate customer gateway changes
- Configure and monitor both VPN tunnel interfaces and BGP neighbors on the customer gateway
- Assign nonoverlapping valid inside IPv4 tunnel CIDRs to each VPN tunnel
- Configure BGP using the inside tunnel addresses and AWS peer ASN supplied for that VPN tunnel
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:The inside addresses identify separate point-to-point BGP interfaces and must not collide; reusing the same inside tunnel CIDR makes distinct neighbor and forwarding contexts ambiguous.
Incorrect Answers
A:PSK rotation changes tunnel authentication material; routing policies and BGP prefixes can remain logically independent while tunnel reestablishment must be planned; that still would not establish the requested outcome: provide unique tunnel-interface addressing.
B:AWS provides two tunnels for redundancy; leaving a second tunnel's routing session unconfigured prevents it from taking over during planned or unplanned maintenance; the scenario instead needs an action that will provide unique tunnel-interface addressing.
D:IPsec tunnel establishment authenticates the encrypted underlay; dynamic route exchange requires a separate BGP session with the correct neighbors and ASN over the tunnel interfaces; it changes a different aspect of the architecture rather than fulfilling the need to provide unique tunnel-interface addressing.
Question 877
An enterprise wants on-premises BGP updates to arrive over a Direct Connect transit VIF attached via a DX gateway. The VIF is established but the expected TGW prefix is absent because allowed prefixes were not set on the gateway association. Where should the missing advertisement be configured?
- Match the customer router BGP ASN to the customer ASN configured on the Direct Connect VIF
- Use transit VIFs, a Direct Connect gateway, and associated Transit Gateways
- Advertise only the intended private prefixes over the Direct Connect BGP session
- Update the Direct Connect gateway association's allowed prefixes for the intended TGW routes
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The allowed-prefix configuration controls which connected AWS-side ranges are advertised toward on-premises through this association; it is not a generic subnet route table entry.
Incorrect Answers
A:BGP neighbors must agree on each other's peer ASNs; a functioning physical circuit and VLAN cannot establish the control-plane adjacency when the remote AS is configured incorrectly; the scenario instead needs an action that will advertise selected TGW-connected prefixes over DX.
B:A Direct Connect gateway can connect eligible transit virtual interfaces to TGWs across supported Regions, avoiding a separate VIF per individual VPC; those conditions do not produce the required result: advertise selected TGW-connected prefixes over DX.
C:Restricting advertised prefixes keeps hybrid routing within the intended enterprise reachability boundary; unnecessary default route advertisements can attract traffic not meant for Direct Connect; it changes a different aspect of the architecture rather than fulfilling the need to advertise selected TGW-connected prefixes over DX.
Question 878
A production system has two AWS Site-to-Site VPN tunnels but only one on-premises BGP adjacency is running. Operations requires tunnel resiliency after one endpoint is replaced by AWS maintenance. What must be done?
- Configure BGP using the inside tunnel addresses and AWS peer ASN supplied for that VPN tunnel
- Monitor VPN tunnel endpoint change notifications and update the peer configuration to the provisioned endpoint values
- Attach a Site-to-Site VPN to Transit Gateway and establish BGP tunnels with the customer gateway
- Configure and monitor both VPN tunnel interfaces and BGP neighbors on the customer gateway
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:AWS provides two tunnels for redundancy; leaving a second tunnel's routing session unconfigured prevents it from taking over during planned or unplanned maintenance.
Incorrect Answers
A:IPsec tunnel establishment authenticates the encrypted underlay; dynamic route exchange requires a separate BGP session with the correct neighbors and ASN over the tunnel interfaces; those conditions do not produce the required result: maintain both redundant VPN routing sessions.
B:Customer gateways should use the actual tunnel outside addresses supplied for the VPN connection and plan for documented endpoint changes; fixed assumptions about future endpoints create outages; it changes a different aspect of the architecture rather than fulfilling the need to maintain both redundant VPN routing sessions.
C:TGW VPN attachments connect encrypted on-premises tunnels to transit route tables, which must also contain the routes and attachment policies for reachable VPC prefixes; the operational gap would remain because the question requires a way to maintain both redundant VPN routing sessions.
Question 879
A router connects to a Direct Connect private VIF and requests a 9000-byte payload across a path that includes a Site-to-Site VPN appliance with 1500-byte transport MTU. The first TCP handshake succeeds but large transfers hang. Which implementation adjustment is most targeted?
- Measure effective path MTU and adjust TCP MSS or packet size to avoid tunnel fragmentation
- Deploy NAT gateways per active AZ and use same-AZ subnet routes
- Clamp TCP MSS to a value compatible with the smallest encapsulated path MTU
- Reuse application TCP connections or distribute destination tuples and NAT source addresses where feasible
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:A successful handshake uses small packets; oversized encrypted data packets may be fragmented or dropped, so an appropriately sized MSS avoids black-hole behavior along the limiting hop.
Incorrect Answers
A:IPsec encapsulation reduces usable payload compared with an unencapsulated Ethernet path, and path MTU/MSS settings help prevent black-holed large packets; it changes a different aspect of the architecture rather than fulfilling the need to fit TCP segments inside the true path MTU.
B:Matching each workload AZ to a local NAT gateway avoids forcing routine egress through another AZ and removes one AZ's gateway as a shared dependency, though gateway hourly costs increase; the operational gap would remain because the question requires a way to fit TCP segments inside the true path MTU.
D:Reducing churn and spreading simultaneous destination flows can mitigate per-tuple ephemeral-port pressure; simply adding unrelated DNS records does not create more NAT port capacity; that still would not establish the requested outcome: fit TCP segments inside the true path MTU.
Question 880
A retail branch has customer-edge BGP policies that prefer one VPN tunnel, but both paths are always selected despite requirement for deterministic primary/backup. Which control on the customer routers can influence outbound preference?
- Configure BGP using the inside tunnel addresses and AWS peer ASN supplied for that VPN tunnel
- Configure and monitor both VPN tunnel interfaces and BGP neighbors on the customer gateway
- Assign nonoverlapping valid inside IPv4 tunnel CIDRs to each VPN tunnel
- Apply BGP local preference consistently to routes received over the intended primary VPN tunnel
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:Local preference is evaluated inside the customer's autonomous system for outbound route selection; changing route tables in an unrelated VPC will not establish router-side egress preference.
Incorrect Answers
A:IPsec tunnel establishment authenticates the encrypted underlay; dynamic route exchange requires a separate BGP session with the correct neighbors and ASN over the tunnel interfaces; the operational gap would remain because the question requires a way to select the customer-side outbound VPN path.
B:AWS provides two tunnels for redundancy; leaving a second tunnel's routing session unconfigured prevents it from taking over during planned or unplanned maintenance; it is not the action that directly makes the system select the customer-side outbound VPN path.
C:The inside addresses identify separate point-to-point BGP interfaces and must not collide; reusing the same inside tunnel CIDR makes distinct neighbor and forwarding contexts ambiguous; that still would not establish the requested outcome: select the customer-side outbound VPN path.