Question 40
A DNS administrator wants to verify that the domain registrar delegates an Internet zone to Route 53. Which setting must match the Route 53 hosted zone?
- Set the registrar's authoritative name-server delegation to the hosted zone's assigned NS values
- Enable DNSSEC signing for the Route 53 public hosted zone and establish its chain of trust
- Investigate the private-zone namespace shadowing of unmatched names
- Add an NS delegation record set for the child zone's authoritative name servers
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The parent-zone delegation determines which public authoritative servers answer for the domain, independent of where records are edited.
Incorrect Answers
B:DNSSEC signs DNS data and relies on delegation signer information so validating resolvers can verify authentic responses; this belongs to signed public authoritative DNS data, while the problem is alignment of registry delegation with authoritative DNS hosting.
C:A matching private hosted zone takes precedence for that namespace; absent private records do not automatically fall back to the public zone; this changes avoiding mistaken public fallback when private DNS overrides a suffix, not the necessary alignment of registry delegation with authoritative DNS hosting.
D:In the delegation of child DNS authority workflow, NS delegation informs resolvers which authoritative servers control the delegated subdomain's records; the current case needs alignment of registry delegation with authoritative DNS hosting.
Question 41
A security-sensitive DNS rollout must establish a new internal namespace scoped to authorized VPCs, provide hybrid corporate-to-AWS name lookup, and cryptographically sign its separate public zone. Which THREE components match those independent requirements? Choose THREE.
- Deploy a Resolver inbound endpoint and configure on-premises conditional forwarding to its IPs
- Use IP-based routing with a CIDR collection mapped to record sets
- Configure weighted Route 53 records with relative weights of 10 and 90
- Enable DNSSEC signing for the Route 53 public hosted zone and establish its chain of trust
- Associate the additional VPC with the existing private hosted zone
- Create a Route 53 private hosted zone and associate the intended VPCs
Explanation
Correct Answers
A:The inbound Resolver endpoint gives corporate DNS servers reachable forwarding targets for AWS-private names. When on-premises servers forward the private suffix to those IPs, this completes the corporate-to-AWS lookup leg of the three-part rollout.
D:DNSSEC signs DNS data and relies on delegation signer information so validating resolvers can verify authentic responses; this covers the signed public authoritative DNS data component of the combined scenario.
F:A private hosted zone is resolved through VPC DNS facilities for associated VPCs rather than published to the public DNS hierarchy; this covers the VPC-scoped authoritative private DNS records component of the combined scenario.
Incorrect Answers
B:IP-based routing selects a DNS record based on the querying resolver's matched source CIDR collection; this belongs to IP-CIDR-based DNS answer selection, while the problem is new private hosted zone, corporate inbound Resolver, and public DNSSEC signing.
C:Weighted routing distributes DNS answers approximately by configured proportions across eligible records, subject to resolver caching; this changes proportional DNS-based rollout, not the necessary new private hosted zone, corporate inbound Resolver, and public DNSSEC signing.
E:This produces sharing an authoritative private zone among VPCs: Private zone resolution is determined by authorized VPC associations, not by the AWS account boundary alone; the stem instead tests new private hosted zone, corporate inbound Resolver, and public DNSSEC signing.
Question 42
A web portal must send `/payments` and `/reports` to different application target groups while preserving HTTPS termination. Which load balancer is best?
- Select an Application Load Balancer target group that supports gRPC over HTTP/2
- Use a Gateway Load Balancer with an appliance target group and GENEVE encapsulation
- Review cross-zone load balancing for the listener and target groups
- Use an ALB forward action with weighted target groups
- Use an Application Load Balancer with path-based HTTPS listener rules
Explanation
Correct Answer
E:ALB inspects HTTP request attributes and can forward traffic to distinct target groups after TLS handling. Listener conditions such as URL path patterns direct requests without requiring the clients to change their destination hostname.
Incorrect Answers
A:ALB understands HTTP/2 and gRPC requests and provides corresponding routing and health-check behavior; that addresses gRPC-aware application routing, rather than layer-seven path-directed routing.
B:GWLB forwards flows to virtual appliances through GENEVE while preserving transparent inline inspection architecture; this belongs to insertion of third-party packet inspection appliances, while the problem is layer-seven path-directed routing.
C:Cross-zone routing permits a load balancer node to distribute to eligible targets in other enabled zones, reducing zonal skew; this changes target distribution across enabled Availability Zones, not the necessary layer-seven path-directed routing.
D:In the application traffic canary at an existing load-balancer listener workflow, listener forward actions distribute matching HTTP requests across target groups by configured weights; the current case needs layer-seven path-directed routing.
Question 43
A service accepts a proprietary TCP stream with no HTTP headers and needs high-throughput layer-four load distribution. Which balancing choice fits?
- Use an internet-facing Network Load Balancer with per-AZ static addresses or Elastic IPs
- Configure a Network Load Balancer with a UDP listener and compatible target group
- Deploy a Network Load Balancer using a TCP listener
- Select an Application Load Balancer target group that supports gRPC over HTTP/2
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:NLB balances transport-layer connections without requiring parsing of HTTP hostnames or URI paths. It is appropriate for TCP or UDP listeners when the application does not need ALB host/path inspection.
Incorrect Answers
A:NLB supports stable front-end IP addressing for transport services, independent of registered backend IP changes; that addresses stable allowlisted IP addresses for TCP ingress, rather than non-HTTP transport-layer load balancing.
B:NLB supports UDP forwarding at layer four, whereas HTTP-oriented load balancing does not accept arbitrary UDP datagrams; this belongs to balancing UDP telemetry packets, while the problem is non-HTTP transport-layer load balancing.
D:In the gRPC-aware application routing workflow, ALB understands HTTP/2 and gRPC requests and provides corresponding routing and health-check behavior; the current case needs non-HTTP transport-layer load balancing.
Question 44
Several VPCs must insert a third-party network firewall transparently in the traffic path, with scalable appliance endpoints. Which load balancer solves this?
- Use a Gateway Load Balancer with an appliance target group and GENEVE encapsulation
- Use an Application Load Balancer with path-based HTTPS listener rules
- Configure a Network Load Balancer with a UDP listener and compatible target group
- Review client IP preservation settings for the NLB target group and protocol
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:GWLB forwards flows to virtual appliances through GENEVE while preserving transparent inline inspection architecture.
Incorrect Answers
B:ALB inspects HTTP request attributes and can forward traffic to distinct target groups after TLS handling; this belongs to layer-seven path-directed routing, while the problem is insertion of third-party packet inspection appliances.
C:NLB supports UDP forwarding at layer four, whereas HTTP-oriented load balancing does not accept arbitrary UDP datagrams; this changes balancing UDP telemetry packets, not the necessary insertion of third-party packet inspection appliances.
D:In the preservation of caller source addresses through L4 balancing workflow, client IP behavior depends on target type and protocol, so the target-group setting determines whether source identity survives forwarding; the current case needs insertion of third-party packet inspection appliances.
Question 45
A private application should be reachable only through internal VPC connectivity, not from public internet clients. Which placement requirement applies?
- Provision an internal load balancer in suitable private subnets
- Select an Application Load Balancer target group that supports gRPC over HTTP/2
- Use an internet-facing Network Load Balancer with per-AZ static addresses or Elastic IPs
- Register IP addresses in an ALB target group
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:An internal load balancer exposes private addresses for callers with VPC or connected-network routes. Its DNS endpoint is not directly internet-facing, so callers need private VPC, peering, transit, or hybrid routing as appropriate.
Incorrect Answers
B:ALB understands HTTP/2 and gRPC requests and provides corresponding routing and health-check behavior; this belongs to gRPC-aware application routing, while the problem is private-facing load balancing endpoint.
C:NLB supports stable front-end IP addressing for transport services, independent of registered backend IP changes; this changes stable allowlisted IP addresses for TCP ingress, not the necessary private-facing load balancing endpoint.
D:In the balancing to reachable IP-based backends workflow, IP target groups support specified reachable private addresses instead of requiring each target to be an EC2 instance ID; the current case needs private-facing load balancing endpoint.
Question 46
Two microservices share one ALB, but calls to `api.example.com` must go to different targets than `admin.example.com`. Which rule should be added?
- Configure a Network Load Balancer with a UDP listener and compatible target group
- Configure ALB host-header listener conditions
- Use an NLB TCP listener to pass the encrypted connection to the target
- Use an Application Load Balancer with path-based HTTPS listener rules
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:Host-based rules inspect the HTTP Host header so multiple domains can share an ALB without sharing backends. Each matching hostname can forward to a different healthy target group through ALB listener-rule conditions.
Incorrect Answers
A:NLB supports UDP forwarding at layer four, whereas HTTP-oriented load balancing does not accept arbitrary UDP datagrams; that addresses balancing UDP telemetry packets, rather than request dispatch based on HTTP hostname.
C:TCP forwarding leaves the application responsible for negotiating TLS with the client instead of terminating TLS at the balancer; this changes backend-side end-to-end TLS termination, not the necessary request dispatch based on HTTP hostname.
D:In the layer-seven path-directed routing workflow, ALB inspects HTTP request attributes and can forward traffic to distinct target groups after TLS handling; the current case needs request dispatch based on HTTP hostname.
Question 47
A backend requires end-to-end TCP-level client TLS and must present its own certificate instead of having TLS terminated by a proxy. Which listener design is suitable?
- Configure an NLB TLS listener with an ACM certificate
- Use an internet-facing Network Load Balancer with per-AZ static addresses or Elastic IPs
- Use an NLB TCP listener to pass the encrypted connection to the target
- Use an Application Load Balancer with path-based HTTPS listener rules
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:TCP forwarding leaves the application responsible for negotiating TLS with the client instead of terminating TLS at the balancer.
Incorrect Answers
A:NLB TLS listeners terminate TLS at the load balancer using configured certificates while forwarding to supported target protocols; that addresses centrally managed TLS termination at network ingress, rather than backend-side end-to-end TLS termination.
B:NLB supports stable front-end IP addressing for transport services, independent of registered backend IP changes; this belongs to stable allowlisted IP addresses for TCP ingress, while the problem is backend-side end-to-end TLS termination.
D:In the layer-seven path-directed routing workflow, ALB inspects HTTP request attributes and can forward traffic to distinct target groups after TLS handling; the current case needs backend-side end-to-end TLS termination.
Question 48
An ALB marks every target unhealthy after a port change, although the instances are running. Which target-group property should be checked first?
- Correct the target group's health-check port and path for the deployed application
- Enable and tune target-group deregistration delay for connection draining
- Register containers through service-managed target-group integration with dynamic port mapping
- Select an Application Load Balancer target group that supports gRPC over HTTP/2
- Register IP addresses in an ALB target group
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:ALB health-check requests must reach a serving endpoint with an accepted response; healthy processes alone do not satisfy incorrect checks.
Incorrect Answers
B:Deregistration delay allows in-flight requests to complete while preventing new target selection during planned removal; this belongs to graceful request completion during target removal, while the problem is accurate listener-independent target health probing.
C:The orchestrator registers current task or pod endpoints and ports so the listener follows changing container placements; this changes automatic backend membership for ephemeral container ports, not the necessary accurate listener-independent target health probing.
D:In the gRPC-aware application routing workflow, ALB understands HTTP/2 and gRPC requests and provides corresponding routing and health-check behavior; the current case needs accurate listener-independent target health probing.
E:This produces balancing to reachable IP-based backends: IP target groups support specified reachable private addresses instead of requiring each target to be an EC2 instance ID; the stem instead tests accurate listener-independent target health probing.
Question 49
A fleet behind ALB scales frequently and should not serve new requests to a target that is terminating. Which target behavior is needed?
- Enable ALB target-group stickiness with an appropriate cookie setting
- Enable and tune target-group deregistration delay for connection draining
- Select an Application Load Balancer target group that supports gRPC over HTTP/2
- Correct the target group's health-check port and path for the deployed application
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:Deregistration delay allows in-flight requests to complete while preventing new target selection during planned removal.
Incorrect Answers
A:Cookie-based affinity keeps a user on a selected target for the configured duration while capacity and health constraints permit; that addresses application-layer backend affinity, rather than graceful request completion during target removal.
C:ALB understands HTTP/2 and gRPC requests and provides corresponding routing and health-check behavior; this changes gRPC-aware application routing, not the necessary graceful request completion during target removal.
D:In the accurate listener-independent target health probing workflow, ALB health-check requests must reach a serving endpoint with an accepted response; healthy processes alone do not satisfy incorrect checks; the current case needs graceful request completion during target removal.
Question 50
An application is hosted on IP addresses outside the ALB's VPC and reachable across connected networks. What target registration type is appropriate?
- Use an ALB forward action with weighted target groups
- Review client IP preservation settings for the NLB target group and protocol
- Register IP addresses in an ALB target group
- Provision an internal load balancer in suitable private subnets
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:IP target groups support specified reachable private addresses instead of requiring each target to be an EC2 instance ID.
Incorrect Answers
A:Listener forward actions distribute matching HTTP requests across target groups by configured weights; that addresses application traffic canary at an existing load-balancer listener, rather than balancing to reachable IP-based backends.
B:Client IP behavior depends on target type and protocol, so the target-group setting determines whether source identity survives forwarding; this belongs to preservation of caller source addresses through L4 balancing, while the problem is balancing to reachable IP-based backends.
D:In the private-facing load balancing endpoint workflow, an internal load balancer exposes private addresses for callers with VPC or connected-network routes; the current case needs balancing to reachable IP-based backends.