Question 240

A corporate router advertises a more-specific route over backup VPN than over Direct Connect. The backup unexpectedly carries that subnet's traffic. What explains it?

  1. Apply longest-prefix matching to the packet destination in the VPC route table
  2. Examine the customer BGP policy and selected best path for the AWS prefixes
  3. The more-specific /24 route is selected by longest-prefix match
  4. The more-specific VPN route wins destination matching before general circuit preference

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Route selection starts with prefix specificity, so an aggregate path preference may not override a more-specific destination learned elsewhere.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The effective route is chosen from matching network destinations; a general route to a transit hub does not automatically override a more-specific peer route; that addresses destination prefix match within subnet routing, rather than prefix-length precedence over broad backup preference.

B:

A restored adjacency may not be the preferred route if local preference, AS-path, or more-specific routes still favor VPN; this belongs to post-recovery BGP path preference assessment, while the problem is prefix-length precedence over broad backup preference.

C:

A broad propagated aggregate does not supersede a more-specific prefix even if both are valid transit routes; this changes longest-prefix path selection in transit routing, not the necessary prefix-length precedence over broad backup preference.

Question 241

A subnet has two route entries for different destination CIDRs, one through VPC peering and another through Transit Gateway. Which rule determines forwarding?

  1. Examine the documented TGW route priority for equal-prefix static and propagated entries
  2. Apply longest-prefix matching to the packet destination in the VPC route table
  3. Ensure the subnet route table has the peer CIDR pointing to the peering connection
  4. The more-specific VPN route wins destination matching before general circuit preference

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The effective route is chosen from matching network destinations; a general route to a transit hub does not automatically override a more-specific peer route.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Same-prefix route priority differs from longest-prefix selection and determines which eligible attachment receives traffic; that addresses equal-prefix route source precedence inside TGW, rather than destination prefix match within subnet routing.

C:

More-specific destination routes must exist in the source subnet table; peering acceptance alone does not provide them; this changes effective subnet next hop for peered VPC traffic, not the necessary destination prefix match within subnet routing.

D:

In the prefix-length precedence over broad backup preference workflow, route selection starts with prefix specificity, so an aggregate path preference may not override a more-specific destination learned elsewhere; the current case needs destination prefix match within subnet routing.

Question 242

A branch-to-VPC application flow crosses a stateful firewall VPC and fails only on the return leg. Operators suspect both a missing TGW table path and asymmetry at the appliance. Which TWO investigations target those hypotheses? Choose TWO.

  1. Ensure the subnet route table has the peer CIDR pointing to the peering connection
  2. Analyze VIF BGP state transitions alongside router logs and BGP timers or policy events
  3. Trace BGP next hops and firewall state in both directions of representative flows
  4. Inspect the Transit Gateway route table associated with the ingress attachment for the route to the destination
  5. The more-specific /24 route is selected by longest-prefix match

Explanation

Correct Answers

C:

An IPsec tunnel being up does not imply symmetric forwarding; stateful inspection requires coherent return paths; this covers the path symmetry for hybrid stateful sessions component of the combined scenario.

D:

Transit Gateway forwards packets according to the table associated with the ingress attachment; changing an unrelated table does not modify that path; this covers the ingress-associated table lookup in Transit Gateway component of the combined scenario.

Incorrect Answers

A:

More-specific destination routes must exist in the source subnet table; peering acceptance alone does not provide them; that addresses effective subnet next hop for peered VPC traffic, rather than stateful return-path symmetry and the ingress TGW table.

B:

Physical transport can remain up while BGP sessions reset because of control-plane reachability, authentication, or timers; this belongs to correlating hybrid BGP flaps with control-plane causes, while the problem is stateful return-path symmetry and the ingress TGW table.

E:

This produces longest-prefix path selection in transit routing: A broad propagated aggregate does not supersede a more-specific prefix even if both are valid transit routes; the stem instead tests stateful return-path symmetry and the ingress TGW table.

Question 243

An endpoint-service customer reports DNS resolution succeeds but TCP connections stall after the provider adds a new NLB target. Which provider signal is worth checking?

  1. Update the supported load balancer associations and health of the existing endpoint service
  2. Permit endpoint egress for DNS traffic to authorized corporate resolver addresses
  3. Verify target-group health and listening ports behind the PrivateLink endpoint service
  4. Track quota usage with Service Quotas and available utilization metrics or alerts

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Endpoint DNS and interface ENIs can be healthy even if the provider's actual application targets fail health checks or do not accept the port.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Service consumers address the endpoint service; maintaining a viable provider backend avoids recreating customer-side connectivity; that addresses continuity of provider-managed PrivateLink service endpoints, rather than distinguishing PrivateLink plumbing from provider backend health.

B:

Conditional DNS forwarding depends on the endpoint ENIs being able to reach external DNS targets, regardless of the rule's existence; this belongs to outbound endpoint network permission for resolver forwarding, while the problem is distinguishing PrivateLink plumbing from provider backend health.

D:

In the early detection of networking resource exhaustion workflow, quota visibility detects approaching configured limits so requests or architecture changes can occur before a hard failure; the current case needs distinguishing PrivateLink plumbing from provider backend health.

Question 244

A network team wants to detect when a resource reaches a published networking-service quota rather than learning only after failed provisioning. Which action is most suitable?

  1. Track quota usage with Service Quotas and available utilization metrics or alerts
  2. Permit endpoint egress for DNS traffic to authorized corporate resolver addresses
  3. Remaining eligible LAG members can continue carrying traffic with reduced aggregate capacity
  4. Verify target-group health and listening ports behind the PrivateLink endpoint service

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Quota visibility detects approaching configured limits so requests or architecture changes can occur before a hard failure.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Conditional DNS forwarding depends on the endpoint ENIs being able to reach external DNS targets, regardless of the rule's existence; this belongs to outbound endpoint network permission for resolver forwarding, while the problem is early detection of networking resource exhaustion.

C:

Link aggregation provides per-member resilience at one location, but the available throughput shrinks when a member fails; this changes LAG degradation versus total outage, not the necessary early detection of networking resource exhaustion.

D:

In the distinguishing PrivateLink plumbing from provider backend health workflow, endpoint DNS and interface ENIs can be healthy even if the provider's actual application targets fail health checks or do not accept the port; the current case needs early detection of networking resource exhaustion.

Question 245

A Direct Connect LAG shows one failed member but the bundle stays available. What operational finding is most accurate?

  1. Remaining eligible LAG members can continue carrying traffic with reduced aggregate capacity
  2. Compare the current allowed-prefix configuration and the appropriate gateway association type
  3. Compare the customer router's advertised-route policy and BGP updates for the missing prefix
  4. Track quota usage with Service Quotas and available utilization metrics or alerts
  5. The more-specific VPN route wins destination matching before general circuit preference

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Link aggregation provides per-member resilience at one location, but the available throughput shrinks when a member fails.

Incorrect Answers

B:

DX gateway allowed prefixes control what is originated or filtered, and their effect differs between transit-gateway and VGW associations; this belongs to diagnosing changed Direct Connect route advertisements, while the problem is LAG degradation versus total outage.

C:

Prefix-specific withdrawal with the session alive points to routing policy or origination changes rather than a loss of the physical circuit; this changes route-specific BGP advertisement troubleshooting, not the necessary LAG degradation versus total outage.

D:

In the early detection of networking resource exhaustion workflow, quota visibility detects approaching configured limits so requests or architecture changes can occur before a hard failure; the current case needs LAG degradation versus total outage.

E:

This produces prefix-length precedence over broad backup preference: Route selection starts with prefix specificity, so an aggregate path preference may not override a more-specific destination learned elsewhere; the stem instead tests LAG degradation versus total outage.

Question 246

A VPN BGP peer learns no routes because an inbound prefix filter was recently tightened. What should the maintainer adjust?

  1. Withdraw only that prefix using a router prefix-list or origination policy
  2. Update the enterprise prefix policy to permit only the intended AWS advertised networks
  3. Compare the customer router's advertised-route policy and BGP updates for the missing prefix
  4. Examine the customer BGP policy and selected best path for the AWS prefixes

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

BGP session establishment and route acceptance are separate stages; a filter can reject all valid prefixes without dropping the adjacency.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Prefix-scoped BGP policy removes the obsolete reachability advertisement without tearing down the entire hybrid adjacency; that addresses selective removal of an obsolete BGP prefix, rather than prefix-filter diagnosis when BGP peering is established.

C:

Prefix-specific withdrawal with the session alive points to routing policy or origination changes rather than a loss of the physical circuit; this changes route-specific BGP advertisement troubleshooting, not the necessary prefix-filter diagnosis when BGP peering is established.

D:

In the post-recovery BGP path preference assessment workflow, A restored adjacency may not be the preferred route if local preference, AS-path, or more-specific routes still favor VPN; the current case needs prefix-filter diagnosis when BGP peering is established.

Question 247

A VPC peering connection between accounts must be retired safely. What action prevents dangling traffic paths?

  1. Ensure the subnet route table has the peer CIDR pointing to the peering connection
  2. Remove dependent subnet routes and verify application cutover before deleting the peer
  3. Apply longest-prefix matching to the packet destination in the VPC route table
  4. Replace or remove VGW-related route entries and propagation settings in affected subnet route tables

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Removing an active peer before cleaning up consumers leaves unusable routes and causes avoidable application interruptions.

Incorrect Answers

A:

More-specific destination routes must exist in the source subnet table; peering acceptance alone does not provide them; that addresses effective subnet next hop for peered VPC traffic, rather than controlled decommissioning of inter-VPC connectivity.

C:

The effective route is chosen from matching network destinations; a general route to a transit hub does not automatically override a more-specific peer route; this changes destination prefix match within subnet routing, not the necessary controlled decommissioning of inter-VPC connectivity.

D:

In the VPC route-table cleanup after gateway migration workflow, gateway detachment changes available next hops; legacy route propagation and explicit routes must be reconciled for the new connectivity pattern; the current case needs controlled decommissioning of inter-VPC connectivity.

Question 248

A virtual private gateway is detached from a VPC during a network redesign, and older subnet routes still refer to it. What should be examined?

  1. Apply longest-prefix matching to the packet destination in the VPC route table
  2. Update the subnet route target to a valid live NAT gateway in an appropriate Availability Zone
  3. Replace stale attachment targets in affected TGW static routes
  4. Replace or remove VGW-related route entries and propagation settings in affected subnet route tables

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Gateway detachment changes available next hops; legacy route propagation and explicit routes must be reconciled for the new connectivity pattern.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The effective route is chosen from matching network destinations; a general route to a transit hub does not automatically override a more-specific peer route; that addresses destination prefix match within subnet routing, rather than VPC route-table cleanup after gateway migration.

B:

Static VPC route targets do not automatically follow replaced network components, so an obsolete target breaks outbound forwarding; this belongs to repair of dangling VPC static routes, while the problem is VPC route-table cleanup after gateway migration.

C:

Route tables may retain references to previous attachment identities; routing must target a currently attached next hop; this changes stale transit route targets after attachment replacement, not the necessary VPC route-table cleanup after gateway migration.

Question 249

VPC Flow Logs show REJECT for packets to TCP port 443 of an EC2 instance. Which class of controls should the engineer examine?

  1. Open the appropriate stateless NACL directions and ephemeral port ranges
  2. Configure VPC Traffic Mirroring with suitable mirror targets and filters
  3. Review VPC Flow Logs ACCEPT and REJECT actions and correlate denied flows with security-group and network-ACL rules
  4. Examine the application and load-balancer request logs and backend health

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Flow-log action provides packet-acceptance evidence, while the applicable security group and network ACL configurations identify the likely admission control to investigate.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Network ACLs independently evaluate inbound and outbound packets; unlike stateful security groups, they do not infer permitted response traffic; that addresses ephemeral response-path requirements in stateless ACLs, rather than diagnosing admission failure from VPC flow metadata.

B:

Traffic mirroring copies eligible packets to a collector for protocol-level inspection that flow logs cannot perform; this belongs to deep packet analysis of mirrored instance traffic, while the problem is diagnosing admission failure from VPC flow metadata.

D:

In the separating packet acceptance from HTTP service failure workflow, accepted network flows do not guarantee a successful HTTP response; layer-seven errors require service and target investigation; the current case needs diagnosing admission failure from VPC flow metadata.

Question 250

VPC Flow Logs show ACCEPT for TCP packets, but the application still returns HTTP 503. What should troubleshooting do next?

  1. Examine the application and load-balancer request logs and backend health
  2. Configure VPC Traffic Mirroring with suitable mirror targets and filters
  3. Review VPC Flow Logs ACCEPT and REJECT actions and correlate denied flows with security-group and network-ACL rules
  4. Compare NLB TCP reset metrics with target health, connection state, and backend logs

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Accepted network flows do not guarantee a successful HTTP response; layer-seven errors require service and target investigation.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Traffic mirroring copies eligible packets to a collector for protocol-level inspection that flow logs cannot perform; this belongs to deep packet analysis of mirrored instance traffic, while the problem is separating packet acceptance from HTTP service failure.

C:

Flow-log action provides packet-acceptance evidence, while the applicable security group and network ACL configurations identify the likely admission control to investigate; this changes diagnosing admission failure from VPC flow metadata, not the necessary separating packet acceptance from HTTP service failure.

D:

In the transport reset correlation for NLB-backed services workflow, transport-layer reset counters help separate load-balancer and target behaviors from generic HTTP response metrics; the current case needs separating packet acceptance from HTTP service failure.

AWS Certified Advanced Networking - Specialty ANS-C01 Practice Tests