Question 700
The case file describes the following: A clerk routes fraudulent merchandise refunds onto a stored-value card under the clerk's control. Which classification best explains the events?
- Unauthorized register cash payout
- Manipulated return-to-gift-card
- Forged check-maker signature
- Collusive price markdown
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:Manipulated return-to-gift-card fits the facts because a fabricated return transfers store value instead of extracting physical currency; the distinguishing observation is that refunded card identifiers recur across unrelated customer transactions. To test this interpretation, a reviewer should join refund transaction logs with stored-value account activation and use records.
Incorrect Answers
A:Unauthorized register cash payout would involve a different sequence from Manipulated return-to-gift-card: the register balance is reduced through a purported business disbursement rather than a sale. Unlike the rejected Unauthorized register cash payout label, the evidence concerns Manipulated return-to-gift-card, since refunded card identifiers recur across unrelated customer transactions; reviewers should join refund transaction logs with stored-value account activation and use records.
C:Forged check-maker signature would involve a different sequence from Manipulated return-to-gift-card: the perpetrator creates a payment instrument without the genuine drawer authorization. Unlike the rejected Forged check-maker signature label, the evidence concerns Manipulated return-to-gift-card, since refunded card identifiers recur across unrelated customer transactions; reviewers should join refund transaction logs with stored-value account activation and use records.
D:Collusive price markdown would involve a different sequence from Manipulated return-to-gift-card: sale-price manipulation improperly transfers value to an accomplice through undercharging. Unlike the rejected Collusive price markdown label, the evidence concerns Manipulated return-to-gift-card, since refunded card identifiers recur across unrelated customer transactions; reviewers should join refund transaction logs with stored-value account activation and use records.
Question 701
The team is assessing a potential insurance premium diversion discrepancy. Initial observation: Policyholders have receipts while insurer records show lapse or nonpayment. Which verification step is most informative?
- Confirm payments with customers and compare carrier remittance and policy status.
- Coordinate lawful cause-and-origin findings with coverage and ownership evidence.
- Compare benefit certifications with lawful employment and activity records.
- Compare authorized medical evidence with disclosed underwriting history.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:For the Insurance premium diversion concern, the procedure tests source evidence behind this observation: Policyholders have receipts while insurer records show lapse or nonpayment. This matters because the intermediary misappropriates premium cash without necessarily creating a false claim; independent corroboration is necessary before accepting any conclusion.
Incorrect Answers
B:This comparison primarily addresses Intentional property fire claim, in which deliberate creation of a loss may defeat coverage and constitutes a different risk from accidental damage; because the present question instead concerns Insurance premium diversion, reviewers should confirm payments with customers and compare carrier remittance and policy status rather than apply a check designed for Intentional property fire claim.
C:This comparison primarily addresses Workers compensation malingering, in which misstated disability status can sustain benefits inconsistent with actual capacity; because the present question instead concerns Insurance premium diversion, reviewers should confirm payments with customers and compare carrier remittance and policy status rather than apply a check designed for Workers compensation malingering.
D:This comparison primarily addresses Concealed preexisting condition, in which material misrepresentation at policy inception differs from fabricating a later insured loss; because the present question instead concerns Insurance premium diversion, reviewers should confirm payments with customers and compare carrier remittance and policy status rather than apply a check designed for Concealed preexisting condition.
Question 702
Control designers are focusing on the mechanism behind bid suppression agreement: Suppressing bids reduces competition by preventing otherwise viable offers. Which measure best limits that opportunity?
- Control confidential estimate access and log pre-award communications.
- Monitor unexplained participation gaps and report credible collusion indicators.
- Monitor recurring bid participation and apply competition compliance controls.
- Require conflict declarations and investigate shared bid-document fingerprints.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:The control directly addresses the failure point in Bid suppression agreement, since suppressing bids reduces competition by preventing otherwise viable offers. A subsequent independent review could trace withdrawal patterns, communications and supplier compensation to identify exceptions that bypassed the safeguard.
Incorrect Answers
A:This safeguard is directed primarily at Leaked confidential price estimate rather than Bid suppression agreement, because insider disclosure removes the information parity necessary for a fair tender. Unlike the control for Leaked confidential price estimate, the more direct design for Bid suppression agreement is to monitor unexplained participation gaps and report credible collusion indicators; a different safeguard cannot substitute for it.
C:This safeguard is directed primarily at Bid rotation agreement rather than Bid suppression agreement, because bid rotation is an agreement to allocate wins rather than genuine independent competition. Unlike the control for Bid rotation agreement, the more direct design for Bid suppression agreement is to monitor unexplained participation gaps and report credible collusion indicators; a different safeguard cannot substitute for it.
D:This safeguard is directed primarily at Complementary cover bidding rather than Bid suppression agreement, because cover bids create an illusion of competition while protecting a preselected winner. Unlike the control for Complementary cover bidding, the more direct design for Bid suppression agreement is to monitor unexplained participation gaps and report credible collusion indicators; a different safeguard cannot substitute for it.
Question 703
The review team observes the following: Timesheets and equipment logs place charges outside the contract activity. It seeks one targeted detection step and one preventive measure that address the same underlying vulnerability. Which pairing is best?
- Diagnostic: Match delivered batch identifiers and tests to the contract specification; safeguard: Enforce cost-account segregation and audit rights over reimbursable charges.
- Diagnostic: Reconcile signed receiving logs and physical counts with invoices; safeguard: Require independent technical and commercial approval of material change orders.
- Diagnostic: Reconcile submitted costs to job-level records and contractual allowability; safeguard: Use independent quantity verification and three-way matching.
- Diagnostic: Reconcile submitted costs to job-level records and contractual allowability; safeguard: Enforce cost-account segregation and audit rights over reimbursable charges.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The test addresses Contractor cost mischarging by targeting this observation: Timesheets and equipment logs place charges outside the contract activity. The accompanying safeguard—enforce cost-account segregation and audit rights over reimbursable charges—counters the same opportunity, so both checking and prevention concern one cause.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed safeguard is relevant to Contractor cost mischarging, but the diagnostic tests Nonconforming material substitution rather than the identified anomaly. That test is aimed at records involving independent laboratory tests conflict with certificates of conformity; the specified case instead calls for reviewers to reconcile submitted costs to job-level records and contractual allowability.
B:The evidence test relates to Short delivery on public contract, whereas the proposed safeguard protects against Post-award change-order inflation; neither directly resolves Contractor cost mischarging. Unlike the Short delivery on public contract test and Post-award change-order inflation safeguard, the investigation of Contractor cost mischarging requires reviewers to reconcile submitted costs to job-level records and contractual allowability, followed by assessment of the matching control point.
C:The diagnostic correctly examines Contractor cost mischarging by having reviewers reconcile submitted costs to job-level records and contractual allowability, but the safeguard is for Short delivery on public contract. That prevention step responds to a different mechanism: Billing for undelivered quantities converts a legitimate contract into an overpayment.
Question 704
An exception review involving intentional property fire claim identifies the following: Fire origin evidence and financial motives disagree with the reported timeline. Which evidence comparison most directly evaluates the facts?
- Compare billed work with physical inspection and supplier purchase records.
- Coordinate lawful cause-and-origin findings with coverage and ownership evidence.
- Compare benefit certifications with lawful employment and activity records.
- Confirm payments with customers and compare carrier remittance and policy status.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:For the Intentional property fire claim concern, the procedure tests source evidence behind this observation: Fire origin evidence and financial motives disagree with the reported timeline. This matters because deliberate creation of a loss may defeat coverage and constitutes a different risk from accidental damage; independent corroboration is necessary before accepting any conclusion.
Incorrect Answers
A:This comparison primarily addresses Inflated auto repair estimate, in which a real covered loss is enlarged through fictitious repair costs; because the present question instead concerns Intentional property fire claim, reviewers should coordinate lawful cause-and-origin findings with coverage and ownership evidence rather than apply a check designed for Inflated auto repair estimate.
C:This comparison primarily addresses Workers compensation malingering, in which misstated disability status can sustain benefits inconsistent with actual capacity; because the present question instead concerns Intentional property fire claim, reviewers should coordinate lawful cause-and-origin findings with coverage and ownership evidence rather than apply a check designed for Workers compensation malingering.
D:This comparison primarily addresses Insurance premium diversion, in which the intermediary misappropriates premium cash without necessarily creating a false claim; because the present question instead concerns Intentional property fire claim, reviewers should coordinate lawful cause-and-origin findings with coverage and ownership evidence rather than apply a check designed for Insurance premium diversion.
Question 705
Two separate review files raise different issues. File A: A coordinator keeps former staff active in payroll and redirects subsequent salary deposits. File B: A department head inserts discretionary bonuses for associates without the required senior approval. Which pairing accurately classifies both files?
- File A: Terminated worker retained on payroll; File B: Unauthorized bonus disbursement.
- File A: Terminated worker retained on payroll; File B: Payroll direct-deposit diversion.
- File A: Fictitious travel reimbursement; File B: Unauthorized bonus disbursement.
- File A: Unauthorized bonus disbursement; File B: Terminated worker retained on payroll.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:File A is Terminated worker retained on payroll because continuing pay to a departed employee produces a disbursement with no current employment basis, while File B is Unauthorized bonus disbursement because improper one-off payments exploit weak controls over discretionary compensation. The evidence chains differ: for File A, reviewers should compare termination events and exit records to pay runs and account beneficiaries; for File B, they should compare exception payroll components with board-approved bonus rules and signatures.
Incorrect Answers
B:File B is misidentified as Payroll direct-deposit diversion instead of Unauthorized bonus disbursement. With the proposed pairing Terminated worker retained on payroll / Payroll direct-deposit diversion, the distinction is substantive: File A shows that payments continue after recorded termination dates in the HR system, whereas File B shows that bonus payouts lack approved evaluation and authorization records. For these Terminated worker retained on payroll and Unauthorized bonus disbursement files, choosing the pair Terminated worker retained on payroll / Payroll direct-deposit diversion would misdirect the review away from at least one of these mechanisms.
C:File A is misidentified as Fictitious travel reimbursement instead of Terminated worker retained on payroll. With the proposed pairing Fictitious travel reimbursement / Unauthorized bonus disbursement, the distinction is substantive: File A shows that payments continue after recorded termination dates in the HR system, whereas File B shows that bonus payouts lack approved evaluation and authorization records. For these Terminated worker retained on payroll and Unauthorized bonus disbursement files, choosing the pair Fictitious travel reimbursement / Unauthorized bonus disbursement would misdirect the review away from at least one of these mechanisms.
D:File A is misidentified as Unauthorized bonus disbursement instead of Terminated worker retained on payroll; File B is misidentified as Terminated worker retained on payroll instead of Unauthorized bonus disbursement. With the proposed pairing Unauthorized bonus disbursement / Terminated worker retained on payroll, the distinction is substantive: File A shows that payments continue after recorded termination dates in the HR system, whereas File B shows that bonus payouts lack approved evaluation and authorization records. For these Terminated worker retained on payroll and Unauthorized bonus disbursement files, choosing the pair Unauthorized bonus disbursement / Terminated worker retained on payroll would misdirect the review away from at least one of these mechanisms.
Question 706
For a review of terminated worker retained on payroll, which evidence-based warning sign is the most specific?
- Bank-detail changes immediately precede pay to unfamiliar accounts.
- Payments continue after recorded termination dates in the HR system.
- Bonus payouts lack approved evaluation and authorization records.
- Commission payments coincide with rapidly canceled or uncollected sales.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:This observation is a pertinent indicator of Terminated worker retained on payroll because continuing pay to a departed employee produces a disbursement with no current employment basis. The practical corroborating procedure is to compare termination events and exit records to pay runs and account beneficiaries; the indicator by itself does not establish intent or error.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed observation fits Payroll direct-deposit diversion, where a genuine employee's wages are redirected by altering settlement data, rather than the particular mechanism in Terminated worker retained on payroll. Unlike the clue for Payroll direct-deposit diversion, the more directly related indicator for Terminated worker retained on payroll is this: Payments continue after recorded termination dates in the HR system.
C:The proposed observation fits Unauthorized bonus disbursement, where improper one-off payments exploit weak controls over discretionary compensation, rather than the particular mechanism in Terminated worker retained on payroll. Unlike the clue for Unauthorized bonus disbursement, the more directly related indicator for Terminated worker retained on payroll is this: Payments continue after recorded termination dates in the HR system.
D:The proposed observation fits Manipulated commission sales, where compensation is extracted through false performance metrics rather than fake employees, rather than the particular mechanism in Terminated worker retained on payroll. Unlike the clue for Manipulated commission sales, the more directly related indicator for Terminated worker retained on payroll is this: Payments continue after recorded termination dates in the HR system.
Question 707
The case file describes the following: A cashier uses a later customer's remittance to cover an earlier customer's stolen collection and repeats the delay. Which classification best explains the events?
- Receivable lapping
- Deposit-bag substitution
- Accounts-receivable skimming
- Recorded-till cash larceny
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:Receivable lapping fits the facts because lapping rolls forward a shortage by applying one customer's payment to another account; the distinguishing observation is that credits are posted repeatedly to the wrong customer or with shifting dates. To test this interpretation, a reviewer should trace a sample of individual customer remittances through deposit and account-credit dates.
Incorrect Answers
B:Deposit-bag substitution would involve a different sequence from Receivable lapping: the removal occurs after recording and before funds reach the bank. Unlike the rejected Deposit-bag substitution label, the evidence concerns Receivable lapping, since credits are posted repeatedly to the wrong customer or with shifting dates; reviewers should trace a sample of individual customer remittances through deposit and account-credit dates.
C:Accounts-receivable skimming would involve a different sequence from Receivable lapping: the employee captures incoming funds and conceals the missing credit to the customer's balance. Unlike the rejected Accounts-receivable skimming label, the evidence concerns Receivable lapping, since credits are posted repeatedly to the wrong customer or with shifting dates; reviewers should trace a sample of individual customer remittances through deposit and account-credit dates.
D:Recorded-till cash larceny would involve a different sequence from Receivable lapping: cash larceny steals receipts after they have been recorded, leaving a book-to-cash shortage. Unlike the rejected Recorded-till cash larceny label, the evidence concerns Receivable lapping, since credits are posted repeatedly to the wrong customer or with shifting dates; reviewers should trace a sample of individual customer remittances through deposit and account-credit dates.
Question 708
The review team observes the following: Blockchain flows show rapid hops among intermediary addresses before exchange cash-out. It seeks one targeted detection step and one preventive measure that address the same underlying vulnerability. Which pairing is best?
- Diagnostic: Link funding methods, card serials and redemption beneficiaries; safeguard: Apply virtual-asset service-provider due diligence and suspicious-flow monitoring.
- Diagnostic: Use chain analytics with exchange records and verified wallet attribution; safeguard: Apply virtual-asset service-provider due diligence and suspicious-flow monitoring.
- Diagnostic: Use chain analytics with exchange records and verified wallet attribution; safeguard: Apply licensing and risk controls to remittance networks based on local requirements.
- Diagnostic: Reconcile sender receipts, broker obligations and final beneficiary payouts; safeguard: Apply lawful currency-declaration controls and risk-based physical inspection.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:The test addresses Virtual-asset layering by targeting this observation: Blockchain flows show rapid hops among intermediary addresses before exchange cash-out. The accompanying safeguard—apply virtual-asset service-provider due diligence and suspicious-flow monitoring—counters the same opportunity, so both checking and prevention concern one cause.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed safeguard is relevant to Virtual-asset layering, but the diagnostic tests Stored-value card conversion rather than the identified anomaly. That test is aimed at records involving repeated card purchases and redemptions are connected across nominally unrelated buyers; the specified case instead calls for reviewers to use chain analytics with exchange records and verified wallet attribution.
C:The diagnostic correctly examines Virtual-asset layering by having reviewers use chain analytics with exchange records and verified wallet attribution, but the safeguard is for Alternative remittance settlement. That prevention step responds to a different mechanism: Value transfer can occur through broker-ledgers and net settlements, whether legitimate or abused.
D:The evidence test relates to Alternative remittance settlement, whereas the proposed safeguard protects against Bulk currency courier; neither directly resolves Virtual-asset layering. Unlike the Alternative remittance settlement test and Bulk currency courier safeguard, the investigation of Virtual-asset layering requires reviewers to use chain analytics with exchange records and verified wallet attribution, followed by assessment of the matching control point.
Question 709
An examination of contactless payment relay begins with this observation: Device telemetry shows implausible proximity or timing between card and reader interactions. Which follow-up procedure gives the most direct evidence?
- Compare cleared checks against controlled issuance files and bank exceptions.
- Match debit mandates with customer consents and originating entity identifiers.
- Analyze terminal traces and transaction authentication logs for relay characteristics.
- Match cleared bank images with original check issuance and beneficiary details.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:For the Contactless payment relay concern, the procedure tests source evidence behind this observation: Device telemetry shows implausible proximity or timing between card and reader interactions. This matters because relay attacks extend a credential's communication path rather than physically duplicating the card; independent corroboration is necessary before accepting any conclusion.
Incorrect Answers
A:This comparison primarily addresses Counterfeit check creation, in which counterfeit checks are fabricated payment instruments rather than alterations of legitimate originals; because the present question instead concerns Contactless payment relay, reviewers should analyze terminal traces and transaction authentication logs for relay characteristics rather than apply a check designed for Counterfeit check creation.
B:This comparison primarily addresses Unauthorized ACH debit, in which the debit exploits the payment rail without the payer's required consent; because the present question instead concerns Contactless payment relay, reviewers should analyze terminal traces and transaction authentication logs for relay characteristics rather than apply a check designed for Unauthorized ACH debit.
D:This comparison primarily addresses Check-washing alteration, in which check washing modifies a valid instrument to redirect its value; because the present question instead concerns Contactless payment relay, reviewers should analyze terminal traces and transaction authentication logs for relay characteristics rather than apply a check designed for Check-washing alteration.
Question 710
The available records suggest improper job-for-favor arrangement: The appointment follows requests to change the supplier ranking. Which TWO actions together provide one direct check and one targeted preventive measure? Choose TWO.
- Compare payments and customs records with government fee schedules.
- Use independent competition monitoring and enforce antitrust-sensitive supplier declarations.
- Treat employment opportunities as potential benefits subject to conflict review.
- Invoices for advice lack outputs and coincide with favorable official actions.
- Compare hiring decisions, supplier influence and communications about procurement scoring.
Explanation
Correct Answers
C:This safeguard directly reduces Improper job-for-favor arrangement exposure because noncash personal advantages can function as bribes when tied to official discretion. The control should be monitored using records from this check: Compare hiring decisions, supplier influence and communications about procurement scoring.
E:This procedure verifies the records implicated by Improper job-for-favor arrangement; the observed anomaly is that the appointment follows requests to change the supplier ranking. For the Improper job-for-favor arrangement concern, it can distinguish errors and innocent explanations from possible misstatements or wrongdoing before reaching a conclusion.
Incorrect Answers
A:This procedure tests Unapproved facilitation payment rather than the named Improper job-for-favor arrangement concern. The Unapproved facilitation payment evidence is the purported charge lacks an official government receipt or published tariff basis, while the Improper job-for-favor arrangement path requires reviewers to compare hiring decisions, supplier influence and communications about procurement scoring.
B:The chosen preventive action chiefly mitigates Bid-sharing cartel, where bid rotation is collusion among bidders that undermines competitive award outcomes. For Improper job-for-favor arrangement, unlike Bid-sharing cartel, the targeted safeguard is to treat employment opportunities as potential benefits subject to conflict review because the exposure occurs at a different point.
D:The listed warning sign specifically concerns Sham consulting bribe, where a fake service agreement can launder a corrupt payment as a commercial expense, not the requested Improper job-for-favor arrangement review. Unlike the Sham consulting bribe indicator, the relevant signal for Improper job-for-favor arrangement is this: The appointment follows requests to change the supplier ranking.