Question 150
A redundant Site-to-Site VPN sends traffic to a customer appliance that only allows one tunnel's public outside address. What security configuration change is needed?
- Permit both AWS VPN outside endpoint addresses and required IPsec protocols through the edge firewall
- Correct the customer gateway public IP or permitted transport mapping used by the VPN
- Alarm on VPN TunnelState and relevant BGP route or tunnel telemetry in CloudWatch
- Confirm that BGP advertises the corporate routes over the VPN tunnel peer
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:VPN resilience depends on reachability of both independently addressed AWS tunnel endpoints, not merely having two configured AWS tunnels.
Incorrect Answers
B:AWS sends IKE negotiation to the configured customer endpoint, so an unreachable or incorrect outside address prevents establishment; this belongs to accurate public termination identity for a hybrid VPN, while the problem is perimeter firewall support for both VPN tunnels.
C:Tunnel-state metrics expose endpoint availability; route-specific checks distinguish an encrypted tunnel from viable routed destinations; this changes proactive visibility into hybrid tunnel outages, not the necessary perimeter firewall support for both VPN tunnels.
D:In the propagation of corporate networks using VPN BGP workflow, an established IPsec security association does not by itself exchange dynamic networks; BGP must originate acceptable prefixes across the tunnel; the current case needs perimeter firewall support for both VPN tunnels.
Question 151
An IPSec VPN has valid policy settings but its customer gateway is behind a NAT and the configured public address identifies a different device. Which resource detail should be updated?
- Define distinct customer gateway resources and create separate Site-to-Site VPN connections
- Configure the tunnel's IKE version and cryptographic proposals to match the device's supported set
- Permit both AWS VPN outside endpoint addresses and required IPsec protocols through the edge firewall
- Correct the customer gateway public IP or permitted transport mapping used by the VPN
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:AWS sends IKE negotiation to the configured customer endpoint, so an unreachable or incorrect outside address prevents establishment.
Incorrect Answers
A:A customer gateway identifies each peer router or endpoint; separate connections prevent all tunnels from depending on a single customer device; that addresses device-diverse hybrid IPsec termination, rather than accurate public termination identity for a hybrid VPN.
B:Phase-one negotiation requires both peers to agree on IKE and cryptographic parameters before protected traffic can traverse the tunnel; this belongs to compatible IKE negotiation parameters, while the problem is accurate public termination identity for a hybrid VPN.
C:VPN resilience depends on reachability of both independently addressed AWS tunnel endpoints, not merely having two configured AWS tunnels; this changes perimeter firewall support for both VPN tunnels, not the necessary accurate public termination identity for a hybrid VPN.
Question 152
A transit gateway route table sends a changing set of compliance-inspection destination CIDRs to one inspection attachment. Engineers currently edit many separate static routes when the approved CIDR list changes. Which configuration centralizes those CIDRs without changing the attachment?
- Share a Resolver DNS forwarding rule containing the CIDRs with every account
- Create a Transit Gateway prefix-list reference to a customer-managed prefix list, targeting the inspection attachment
- Enable route propagation on every VPC attachment to automatically produce the changing inspection CIDR list
- Replace every destination route with a single default route to the inspection attachment
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:A Transit Gateway route table can reference a customer-managed prefix list and map its CIDR entries to the specified attachment. Updating that prefix list centrally changes the represented route destinations.
Incorrect Answers
A:Resolver forwarding rules select DNS namespaces and outbound DNS targets, not IP forwarding entries for a Transit Gateway route table. CIDR destination changes need a routing control.
C:Propagation learns attachment-reachable routes; it does not define an arbitrary compliance-approved collection of destination prefixes toward one chosen inspection attachment.
D:A 0.0.0.0/0 route directs all otherwise unmatched IPv4 destinations to inspection, changing forwarding beyond the specifically approved compliance CIDRs.
Question 153
A centralized network account shared its Transit Gateway with a workload account, but no usable spoke attachment exists. Which action must the workload account perform?
- Disable automatic acceptance of shared attachments and approve requests deliberately
- Enable the destination attachment's propagation into that TGW table or define a valid static route
- Create a VPC attachment to the shared Transit Gateway using permitted VPC subnets
- Keep VPC networking in an owner account while participants own the resources they launch
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:Resource sharing grants use of the TGW but does not itself connect workload VPCs to the network dataplane. The participant still creates the appropriate VPC attachment and the required TGW and subnet routes.
Incorrect Answers
A:TGW attachment acceptance controls whether shared consumers become connected before the owner explicitly authorizes them; that addresses manual authorization of cross-account attachments, rather than materialized cross-account TGW attachment.
B:TGW ingress is evaluated against the associated TGW route table; a VPC route alone cannot resolve the second-hop destination; this belongs to TGW route-table entry for an attached destination, while the problem is materialized cross-account TGW attachment.
D:In the cross-account separation of network and workload control workflow, VPC sharing separates network administration from participant workload management without duplicating the underlying subnets; the current case needs materialized cross-account TGW attachment.
Question 154
A Transit Gateway attachment is associated with its dev route table. The engineer propagates prod routes into a security route table but dev still cannot reach prod. Why?
- Enable the destination attachment's propagation into that TGW table or define a valid static route
- Create a VPC attachment to the shared Transit Gateway using permitted VPC subnets
- Verify return-path routes in both subnet and associated TGW route tables
- Check the dev attachment's associated route table for eligible forwarding routes
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The TGW examines only the ingress attachment's associated table when forwarding; propagation into an unrelated table changes no dev path.
Incorrect Answers
A:TGW ingress is evaluated against the associated TGW route table; a VPC route alone cannot resolve the second-hop destination; that addresses TGW route-table entry for an attached destination, rather than association-dependent TGW lookup.
B:Resource sharing grants use of the TGW but does not itself connect workload VPCs to the network dataplane; this belongs to materialized cross-account TGW attachment, while the problem is association-dependent TGW lookup.
C:AWS transit forwarding is bidirectional only when each direction has an effective path; security-group statefulness cannot fabricate missing reverse routes; this changes symmetrical forward and return connectivity through transit, not the necessary association-dependent TGW lookup.
Question 155
Two VPCs have routes to their own transit gateway attachments and VPC security groups permit traffic, but only one direction works. What network state must be checked?
- Enable the destination attachment's propagation into that TGW table or define a valid static route
- Create a VPC attachment to the shared Transit Gateway using permitted VPC subnets
- Verify return-path routes in both subnet and associated TGW route tables
- Install an appropriately scoped blackhole route in the associated TGW route table
- Check the dev attachment's associated route table for eligible forwarding routes
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:AWS transit forwarding is bidirectional only when each direction has an effective path; security-group statefulness cannot fabricate missing reverse routes.
Incorrect Answers
A:TGW ingress is evaluated against the associated TGW route table; a VPC route alone cannot resolve the second-hop destination; that addresses TGW route-table entry for an attached destination, rather than symmetrical forward and return connectivity through transit.
B:Resource sharing grants use of the TGW but does not itself connect workload VPCs to the network dataplane; this belongs to materialized cross-account TGW attachment, while the problem is symmetrical forward and return connectivity through transit.
D:In the deliberate drop action within transit routing workflow, A TGW blackhole route discards packets that match its destination rather than forwarding them to any attachment; the current case needs symmetrical forward and return connectivity through transit.
E:This produces association-dependent TGW lookup: The TGW examines only the ingress attachment's associated table when forwarding; propagation into an unrelated table changes no dev path; the stem instead tests symmetrical forward and return connectivity through transit.
Question 156
A Gateway Load Balancer target group inspects transit traffic through an inspection VPC attached to a Transit Gateway using appliance mode. An operator wants to change the target group from default 5-tuple stickiness to 2-tuple stickiness. Which constraint applies?
- 2-tuple stickiness is mandatory whenever Transit Gateway appliance mode is enabled
- Changing Gateway Load Balancer stickiness affects only ALB HTTP cookies and not packet flows
- Keep 5-tuple stickiness for the Gateway Load Balancer target group when using Transit Gateway appliance mode
- Disable Gateway Load Balancer GENEVE encapsulation to permit 2-tuple stickiness
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:With Transit Gateway appliance mode, the Gateway Load Balancer target group must use 5-tuple flow stickiness. Switching to 2-tuple or 3-tuple stickiness is not supported for this design.
Incorrect Answers
A:AWS specifies the opposite compatibility constraint: Gateway Load Balancer target groups used with TGW appliance mode must use 5-tuple flow stickiness, not 2-tuple stickiness.
B:GWLB flow stickiness hashes network-flow fields to keep packets on an appliance target; it is not an HTTP session cookie feature of an Application Load Balancer.
D:GENEVE is the required traffic encapsulation between Gateway Load Balancer and its appliance targets. Removing it is not a valid way to change flow-stickiness compatibility.
Question 157
A shared Transit Gateway should reject automatic spoke attachment acceptance from unknown accounts. What should the owner configure?
- Enable the destination attachment's propagation into that TGW table or define a valid static route
- Associate their attachments with distinct TGW route tables and control propagation separately
- Disable automatic acceptance of shared attachments and approve requests deliberately
- Create a VPC attachment to the shared Transit Gateway using permitted VPC subnets
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:TGW attachment acceptance controls whether shared consumers become connected before the owner explicitly authorizes them.
Incorrect Answers
A:TGW ingress is evaluated against the associated TGW route table; a VPC route alone cannot resolve the second-hop destination; that addresses TGW route-table entry for an attached destination, rather than manual authorization of cross-account attachments.
B:Association selects the forwarding lookup table; controlled propagation prevents undesired destination visibility between segmentation domains; this belongs to independent forwarding domains on a common transit hub, while the problem is manual authorization of cross-account attachments.
D:In the materialized cross-account TGW attachment workflow, resource sharing grants use of the TGW but does not itself connect workload VPCs to the network dataplane; the current case needs manual authorization of cross-account attachments.
Question 158
A new TGW inter-Region peering attachment is Active, but neither side can reach the opposite VPC prefixes. What configuration is missing?
- Enable the destination attachment's propagation into that TGW table or define a valid static route
- Use inter-Region peering's encrypted AWS-backbone transport while securing application protocols as needed
- Insert reciprocal destination-CIDR routes in both VPC route tables pointing to the peering connection
- Create static destination routes in both transit gateways' appropriate route tables
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:TGW peering does not propagate CIDRs dynamically, and the ingress attachment's table needs a static route to the peer.
Incorrect Answers
A:TGW ingress is evaluated against the associated TGW route table; a VPC route alone cannot resolve the second-hop destination; that addresses TGW route-table entry for an attached destination, rather than explicit inter-Region TGW route creation.
B:Inter-Region peering traffic remains on AWS infrastructure and uses inter-Region encryption; application TLS remains separately relevant to end-to-end trust; this belongs to understanding protection boundary of inter-Region peering, while the problem is explicit inter-Region TGW route creation.
C:Creating a peer relationship does not install the application subnet routes needed for each direction of private IP transit; this changes bidirectional subnet routing for VPC peers, not the necessary explicit inter-Region TGW route creation.
Question 159
A VPC has exactly one AZ attachment subnet to a Transit Gateway; instances in another AZ cannot reach it after their local subnet changes. What deployment choice should be reviewed?
- Create a VPC attachment to the shared Transit Gateway using permitted VPC subnets
- Enable appliance mode on the inspection VPC attachment and maintain symmetric inspection routes
- Provide Transit Gateway attachment subnets in the required Availability Zones
- Check the dev attachment's associated route table for eligible forwarding routes
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:A VPC TGW attachment creates ENIs in selected AZs, and attachment AZ selection affects which resources have a supported path.
Incorrect Answers
A:Resource sharing grants use of the TGW but does not itself connect workload VPCs to the network dataplane; that addresses materialized cross-account TGW attachment, rather than correct zonal placement of transit attachment interfaces.
B:Appliance mode preserves flow-affine AZ handling through the inspection attachment so opposite directions reach the same stateful appliance path; this belongs to flow-symmetric transit inspection, while the problem is correct zonal placement of transit attachment interfaces.
D:In the association-dependent TGW lookup workflow, the TGW examines only the ingress attachment's associated table when forwarding; propagation into an unrelated table changes no dev path; the current case needs correct zonal placement of transit attachment interfaces.
Question 160
A security team wants to drop traffic to a known malicious corporate CIDR at the transit hub. What routing action is specific to TGW?
- Enable the destination attachment's propagation into that TGW table or define a valid static route
- Install an appropriately scoped blackhole route in the associated TGW route table
- Forward matching /24 traffic according to the more-specific static route
- Associate the VPN attachment with the route table that represents its inbound security domain
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:A TGW blackhole route discards packets that match its destination rather than forwarding them to any attachment.
Incorrect Answers
A:TGW ingress is evaluated against the associated TGW route table; a VPC route alone cannot resolve the second-hop destination; that addresses TGW route-table entry for an attached destination, rather than deliberate drop action within transit routing.
C:Transit routing follows longest-prefix match before broad-prefix alternatives, allowing a narrow service segment to take an explicit next hop; this changes specific prefix overrides aggregate traffic steering, not the necessary deliberate drop action within transit routing.
D:In the correct routing domain for inbound VPN traffic workflow, TGW association determines lookup behavior for packets arriving from the VPN; using the wrong table can expose or suppress destinations; the current case needs deliberate drop action within transit routing.